Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards
(167 cards)
Most common cause of neural tube defects?
Folate Deficiency
Most common preventable cause of congenital malformations in the U.S.
Alcohol use during pregnancy
Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation. What disease and what defect?
Marfan sydrome
fibrillin
Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss. What disease and defect?
Alport syndrome
“can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear high C”
type IV collagen
osteogenesis imperfecta inheritance and deficiency (type I)?
Auto Dom
type I collagen defect (alpha chain)
“worst headache of my life”
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Lucid interval following head trauma
Epidural hematoma
Bloody CSF on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Most common cause of subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging veins
Most common cause of epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery
What do the ureteric bud and metanephric mesoderm give rise to in a developing embyo?
Ureteric bud: collecting tubules and ducts, major and minor calyces, renal pelvis, and ureters
Metanephris mesoderm: glomeruli, Bowman’s space, proximal tubules, the loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubules
Cat-scratch disease is characterized by?
Bartonella henslae
low fever, tender lymphadenopathy, and is self limited
Which blood vessel supplies the AV node?
PDA
Originates from RCA 70% time
from RCA and LCA (codominant) 20%
and left circumflex 10%
What is the best lab method to measure gene expression?
Northern blot
look for mRNA
The most common cause of retinitis in HIV patients is what? How do you treat it?
CMV
CMV retinitis most frequently affects AIDs patients with a CD4+ lymphocyte count <50 and is best treated with gangciclovir
How do you treat cyanide poisoning?
Nitrites, by inducing methylglobinemia.
Methemoglobin contains ferric (Fe3+) rather than ferrous (Fe2+) iron. Cyanide binds to ferric iron more avidly than to mitochondrial cytochrome enzymes diminishing cyanide’s toxic effect.
Key findings in Edward’s syndrome?
Trisomy 18
hypertonia (clenched hands with overlapping fingers), rocker bottom feet, and cardiac/gastroitestinal/renal defects
Where does the psoas muscle originate from?
anterior surface of the transverse processes and lateral surface of the vertebral bodies at T12-L5
Where is the most fluid dilute/concentrated in the renal tubule?
Most concentrated in the collecting duct because this is permeable to water and where ADH works to collect more water
Most dilute in the TAL because not permeable to water so all water stays in tubule
What is the function of ANP?
secreted in response to stretch (HTN or hypervolemia) and causes peripheral vasodilation and increased urinary excretion of sodium and water
medical tx for pheochromocytoma
alpha antagonist
Selective alpha1 antagonist used to treat BPH
tamsulosin
continuous machine-like heart murmur
PDA
“Boot-shaped heart”
Tetralogy of fallot or Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
