Rapid fire facts Flashcards
most common cause of neural tube defects
folate deficiency
most common preventable cause of congenital malformations in the U.S.
alcohol use
hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
marfan syndrome
hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
Alport syndrome
“worst headache of my life”
subarachnoid hemorrhage
lucid interval following head trauma
epidural hematoma
bloody CSF on Lumbar puncture
subarachnoid hemorrhage
most common cause of subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging vein
most common cause of epidural hematoma
rupture of middle meningeal artery
most common cause of dementia
alzheimers
second most common cause of dementia
vascular dementia
extracellular amyloid deposits in the gray matter
amyloid plaques in alzheimers
intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
neurofibrillary tangles in alzheimers
intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain
pick bodies of frontotemporal dementia (pick disease)
treatment for absence seizures
ethosuximide
conjugate lateral gaze palsy ,with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
intranuclear opthalmophegia
degeneration of the dorsal columns
tabes dorsalis (4th stage of syphillis)
demyelinating disease in a young woman
multiple sclerosis
mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
depigmentation of the substantia nigra
parkinson disease
chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the caudate and the putamen
Huntingon disease
eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy bodies
toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
+ babinski reflex
newborn with arm paralysis following a difficult labor
erb-duchenne palsy
drooling farmer
organophosphate poisoning
medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
alpha agonist
selective alpha1 antagonist used to treat BPH
tamsulosin
continuous, machinery like heart murmur
patent ductus arteriosus
“boot shaped heart”
tetralogy of fallot
rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
most common congenital cardiac anomaly
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
most common congenital cause of early cyanosis
tetralogy of fallot
bounding pulses, head bobbing, diastolic murmur
aortic regurgitation
chest pain, pericardial friction rub, and persistent fever occurring several weeks after an MI
dressler syndrome
splinter hemorrhages under the fingernails
infective endocarditis
retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roths spots-infective endocarditis
heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis
mitral valve
heart valve most commonly involved in an IV drug user with infective endocarditis
tricuspid valve
granulomatous nodules in the heart
aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
myxoma (left atrium)
most common primary cardiac tumor in children
rhabdomyoma (associated with tuberous sclerosis)
most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
Lupus in U.S., T.B. in developing countries
c-ANCA
granulamatosis with polyangitis
p-ANCA
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (Churg-Strauss), microscopic polyangitis
treatment for thromboangitis obliterans
STOP SMOKING!
treatment for giant cell arteritis
high dose steroids for several months
bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis
paget disease of the bone
vertebral compression fractures
osteoporosis
positive anterior drawer sign
ACL tear
tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox
scaphoid fracture
swollen, hard, painful finger joints
osteoathritis
swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
rheumatoid arthritis
cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath
osteoarthritis
swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
gout..”podagra”
Positively birefrigent rhomboid shaped crystals
pseudogout (calicum pyrophosphate crystals). blue are parallel and yellow are perpendicular
Negatively birefrigent needle shaped crystals
Gout (monosodium urate (MSU) crystals). yellow is parallel and blue is perpendicular
bamboo spine on xray
ankylosing spondylitis
HLA-B27
seronegative spondyloarthropathies
pencil-in-cup deformity on xray of the finger
psoriatic arthritis
Anti-smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies
SLE
anti-histone antibodies
drug induced Lupus, but can see with SLE
anti-centromere antibodies
CREST scleroderma
anti-topoisomerase antibodies (anti-Scl70)
diffuse scleroderma
Anti-Jo-1 antibodies
polymyositis
Anti-Ro antibodies (anti SSA, SSB)
Sjogren syndrome
arthritis, dry mouth, and dry eyes
sjogren syndrome
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
most common malignant skin tumor
Basal cell carcinoma
main artery of the pelvis
internal iliac artery
main nerve of the pelvis
pudendal n.
“bag of worms” scrotum
varicocele
most common cancer in men
prostate cancer
most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
BPH
most common treatment of erectile dysfunction
phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Hepatic adenoma
OCP use
“grape like” vaginal tumor
sacroma botryoides
koilocytes (enlarged nuclei, cytoplasmic clearing around nuclei, “perinuclear halos”)
HPV infectin
most common benign tumor in women
leiomyomas (fibroids)
“chocolate cyst” of the ovary
endometriomas
“powder burn” lesion
endometriosus
most common cause of infertility in women
PCOS
midcycle pelvic pain associated with ovulation
mittelschmerz
ovarian tumor +ascites+hydrothorax
Meigs syndrome
teratoma –> hyperthyroidism
struma ovarii
“snowstorm”appearance on ultrasound
hydatidiform mole
most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
down syndrome
second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
fragile X syndrome
horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma
turner syndrome
rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw
edwards syndrome
most common cause overall of intellectual disability
fetal alcohol syndrome
most common cancer in women in the us
Breast cancer
most common benign breast tumor
fibroadenoma
most common malignant breast tumor
invasive ductal carcinoma
blue dome cyst in the breast
fibrocystic change
