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DIT > Rapid Fire Facts > Flashcards

Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards

0
Q

Most common cause of congenital malformations in the US

A

Alcohol

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1
Q

Most common cause of neural tue defects

A

folate deficiency

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2
Q

Most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the US

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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3
Q

Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation

A

Marfan’s syndrome

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4
Q

Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensoineural hearing loss

A

Alport syndrome

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5
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead

A

Bell’s (facial nerve) palsy

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6
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner’s syndrome

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7
Q

“Worst headache of my life”

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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8
Q

Lucid interval following head trauma

A

Epidural hematoma

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9
Q

Blood CSF on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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10
Q

Most common cause of subdural hematoma

A

Rupture of bridging veins

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11
Q

Most common cause of epidural hematoma

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery

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12
Q

Treatment for absence seizure

A

Ethosuxamide

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13
Q

Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures

A

Phenytoin, Valproic acid, carbamepazine

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14
Q

Toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument

A

Positive Babinski sign

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15
Q

Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, positive Babinski sign

A

Upper motor neuron lesion

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16
Q

Hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, muscle atrophy

A

Lower motor neuron lesion

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17
Q

Depigmentation of the substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease

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18
Q

Chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the caudate and putamen

A

Huntington disease

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19
Q

Eosinophilic inclusions in cytoplasm of neurons

A

Lewy bodies

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20
Q

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze

A

Internuclear opthalmoplegia

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21
Q

Degeneration of dorsal columns

A

Tabes dorsalis (syphilis)

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22
Q

Demyelinating disease in a young woman

A

Multiple sclerosis

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23
Q

Mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease

A

ALS

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24
Q

Newborn with arm paralysis following a difficult labor

A

Erb palsy

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25
Q

Most common cause of dementia

A

Alzheimer disease

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26
Q

Second most common cause of dementia

A

Multi-infact dementia

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27
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposits in gray matter

A

Amyloid plaques of AD

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28
Q

Intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles of AD

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29
Q

Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen in silver stain

A

Pick disease (fronto-temporal dementia)

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30
Q

Amyloid deposits in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques of AD

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31
Q

Drooling farmer

A

Organophosphate poisoning (insectisides)

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32
Q

Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma

A

alpha agonist such as phenoxybenzamine

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33
Q

Selective alpha-1 agonist used to treat BPH

A

Tamsulosin

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34
Q

Continuous machine-like murmur

A

PDA

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35
Q

Boot-shaped heart

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy (as in tetrology of fallot)

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36
Q

Cardiac anomaly with rib notching

A

Coarctation of aorta

37
Q

Most common congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

38
Q

Most common congenital cause of early cyanosis

A

Tetrology of fallot

39
Q

Bounding pulses, head bobbing, diastolic murmur

A

Aortic regurgitation

40
Q

Bone enlargement (hat too big), bone pain, arthritis

A

Paget disease

41
Q

Vertebral compression fractures

A

Osteoporosis

42
Q

Positive anterior drawer sign

A

ACL tear

43
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis

44
Q

Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

45
Q

Cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath

A

Osteoarthritis

46
Q

Anti-smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies

A

SLE

47
Q

Anti-histone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE

48
Q

Anti-centromere antibodies

A

CREST syndrome

49
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Scleroderma

50
Q

Anti-Jo-1 antibodies

A

Polymyositis/dermatomyositis

51
Q

Anti-Ro antibodies

A

Sjogren syndrome

52
Q

Facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young woman

A

SLE

53
Q

Arthritis, dry mouth, and dry eyes

A

Sjogren syndrome

54
Q

Most common cause of death in SLE

A

Nephropathy

55
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

56
Q

Most common malignant skin tumor

A

Basal cell carcinoma

57
Q

Most common cancer in men

A

Prostate

58
Q

Most common cause of urinary obstruction in men

A

BPH

59
Q

Most common treatment for erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, vardenafil

60
Q

Dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged, dark nuclei

A

Koilocytes (HPV)

61
Q

Diethylstilbestrol exposure

A

Vaginal clear cell carcinoma

62
Q

Most common tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma

63
Q

Most common gynecologic malignancy in the US

A

Endometrial carcinoma

64
Q

Most common gynecological malignancy worldwide

A

Cervical cancer

65
Q

Chocolate cyst of the ovary

A

Endometriosis

66
Q

Most common benign ovarian tumor

A

Serous cystadenoma

67
Q

Most common malignant ovarian tumor

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

68
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies of granulosa-thecal cell tumor

69
Q

Most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

Down Syndrome

70
Q

Second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

Fragile X syndrome

71
Q

Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma

A

Turner syndrome

72
Q

Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaloy with prominent occiput and small jaw

A

Edward syndrome (trisomy 18)

73
Q

Most common cancer in women in US

A

Breast cancer

74
Q

Most common benign breast tumor

A

Fibroadenoma

75
Q

Most common malignant breast tumor

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

76
Q

Blue cystic dome in breast

A

Fibrocystic change

77
Q

Treatment for ER(+) breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

78
Q

Red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple

A

Paget disease of breast

79
Q

Branching, filamentous gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces

80
Q

Food poisoning due to exotoxin

A

Staph aureus, Bacillus cereus

81
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

82
Q

Most common medication for UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

83
Q

Most common bacteria in patient with struvite kidney stones

A

Proteus

84
Q

Standard treatment for T. pallidum

A

Penicillin G

85
Q

Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite

A

Pasteurella

86
Q

Non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Chancre of primary syphilis

87
Q

Moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion

A

Condyloma lata of secondary syphilis

88
Q

Large bull’s-eye rash

A

Erythema migrans (lyme disease)

89
Q

Calcified granuloma in the lung with hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Ghon complex

90
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

TB

91
Q

Standard treatment regimen for TB

A

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

DIT (1 decks)

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