Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards
Most common cause of congenital malformations in the US
Alcohol
Most common cause of neural tue defects
folate deficiency
Most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the US
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
Marfan’s syndrome
Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensoineural hearing loss
Alport syndrome
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
Bell’s (facial nerve) palsy
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Horner’s syndrome
“Worst headache of my life”
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Lucid interval following head trauma
Epidural hematoma
Blood CSF on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Most common cause of subdural hematoma
Rupture of bridging veins
Most common cause of epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery
Treatment for absence seizure
Ethosuxamide
Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures
Phenytoin, Valproic acid, carbamepazine
Toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
Positive Babinski sign
Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, positive Babinski sign
Upper motor neuron lesion
Hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, muscle atrophy
Lower motor neuron lesion
Depigmentation of the substantia nigra
Parkinson disease
Chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the caudate and putamen
Huntington disease
Eosinophilic inclusions in cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy bodies
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
Internuclear opthalmoplegia
Degeneration of dorsal columns
Tabes dorsalis (syphilis)
Demyelinating disease in a young woman
Multiple sclerosis
Mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
ALS
Newborn with arm paralysis following a difficult labor
Erb palsy
Most common cause of dementia
Alzheimer disease
Second most common cause of dementia
Multi-infact dementia
Extracellular amyloid deposits in gray matter
Amyloid plaques of AD
Intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
Neurofibrillary tangles of AD
Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen in silver stain
Pick disease (fronto-temporal dementia)
Amyloid deposits in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques of AD
Drooling farmer
Organophosphate poisoning (insectisides)
Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
alpha agonist such as phenoxybenzamine
Selective alpha-1 agonist used to treat BPH
Tamsulosin
Continuous machine-like murmur
PDA
Boot-shaped heart
Right ventricular hypertrophy (as in tetrology of fallot)
Cardiac anomaly with rib notching
Coarctation of aorta
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
Most common congenital cause of early cyanosis
Tetrology of fallot
Bounding pulses, head bobbing, diastolic murmur
Aortic regurgitation
Bone enlargement (hat too big), bone pain, arthritis
Paget disease
Vertebral compression fractures
Osteoporosis
Positive anterior drawer sign
ACL tear
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis
Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath
Osteoarthritis
Anti-smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies
SLE
Anti-histone antibodies
Drug-induced SLE
Anti-centromere antibodies
CREST syndrome
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Scleroderma
Anti-Jo-1 antibodies
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis
Anti-Ro antibodies
Sjogren syndrome
Facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young woman
SLE
Arthritis, dry mouth, and dry eyes
Sjogren syndrome
Most common cause of death in SLE
Nephropathy
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common malignant skin tumor
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common cancer in men
Prostate
Most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
BPH
Most common treatment for erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil, vardenafil
Dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged, dark nuclei
Koilocytes (HPV)
Diethylstilbestrol exposure
Vaginal clear cell carcinoma
Most common tumor in women
Leiomyoma
Most common gynecologic malignancy in the US
Endometrial carcinoma
Most common gynecological malignancy worldwide
Cervical cancer
Chocolate cyst of the ovary
Endometriosis
Most common benign ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenoma
Most common malignant ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies of granulosa-thecal cell tumor
Most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Down Syndrome
Second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X syndrome
Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma
Turner syndrome
Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaloy with prominent occiput and small jaw
Edward syndrome (trisomy 18)
Most common cancer in women in US
Breast cancer
Most common benign breast tumor
Fibroadenoma
Most common malignant breast tumor
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Blue cystic dome in breast
Fibrocystic change
Treatment for ER(+) breast cancer
Tamoxifen
Red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple
Paget disease of breast
Branching, filamentous gram positive rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces
Food poisoning due to exotoxin
Staph aureus, Bacillus cereus
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
Most common medication for UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
Most common bacteria in patient with struvite kidney stones
Proteus
Standard treatment for T. pallidum
Penicillin G
Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite
Pasteurella
Non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Chancre of primary syphilis
Moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion
Condyloma lata of secondary syphilis
Large bull’s-eye rash
Erythema migrans (lyme disease)
Calcified granuloma in the lung with hilar lymphadenopathy
Ghon complex
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
TB
Standard treatment regimen for TB
Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
