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DIT > Rapid Fire Facts > Flashcards

Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards

1
Q

hyperflexible joines, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation

A

marfan’s

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2
Q

hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss

A

alport’s

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3
Q

Most common cause of neural tube defects

A

folate deficiency

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4
Q

most common cause of congenital malformations in the US?

A

EtOH use

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5
Q

most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the US

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

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6
Q

unilateral facial droop involving the forehead

A

bell’s palsy (cn 7)

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7
Q

ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

horner’s syndrome

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8
Q

“worst headache of my life”

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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9
Q

Lucid interval following head trauma

A

epidural hemorrhage

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10
Q

Bloody CSF on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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11
Q

Most common cause of subdural hematoma

A

rupture of bridging veins

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12
Q

most common cause of epidural hematoma

A

temporal bone fx

middle meningeal artery rupture

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13
Q

treatment for absence seizures

A

ethosuxamide

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14
Q

treatment for tonic-clonic seizures

A

phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine

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15
Q

amyloid deposits in gray matter of the brain

A

senile plaques (alzheimer’s disease)

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16
Q

drooling farmer

A

organophosphate poisoning

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17
Q

medical treatment for pheochromocytoma

A

a-antagonist

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18
Q

selective a1 antagonist used to treat BPH

A

tamsulosin

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19
Q

continuous machinery-like heart murmur

A

PDA

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20
Q

“boot-shaped heart”

A

tetralogy of fallot (or RVH in adult)

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21
Q

Rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

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22
Q

most common congenital anomaly

A

VSD

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23
Q

most common congenital cause of early cyanosis

A

tetralogy of fallot

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24
Q

bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur

A

aortic regurgitation

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25
Q

bone enlargement,bone pain, arthritis

A

paget’s disease of the bone

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26
Q

vertebral compression fractures

A

osteoporosis

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27
Q

positive anterior drawer sign

A

ACL injury

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28
Q

swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

osteoarthritis

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29
Q

swollen, boggy, painful finger joints

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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30
Q

cartilage erosions with polished bone beneath

A

osteoarthritis

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31
Q

swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint

A

gout/podagra

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32
Q

positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals

A

pseudogout

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33
Q

negatively birefringent needle shaped crystals

A

gout

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34
Q

bamboo spine on xray

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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35
Q

HLA-B27

A

seronegative spondyloarthropathies

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36
Q

anti-smith and anti-ds DNA antibodies

A

SLE

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37
Q

anti-histone anitbodies

A

drug induced lupus

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38
Q

Anti-cetromere antibodies

A

CREST scleroderma

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39
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

(aka Scl-70)

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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40
Q

Anti-Jo-1 antibodies

A

polymyositis

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41
Q

Anti-Ro antibodies

A

Sjogrens syndrome

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42
Q

Facial rash and raynaud phenomenon in a young woman

A

SLE

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43
Q

Arthritis, drymouth, dry eyes

A

Sjogrens syndrome

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44
Q

most common cause of death in SLE

A

Lupus nephritis/nephropathy

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45
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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46
Q

most common malignant skin tumor

A

basal cell carcinoma

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47
Q

most common cancer in men

A

prostate cancer

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48
Q

most common cause of urinary obstruction in men

A

BPH

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49
Q

most common treatment for erectile dysfunction

A

PDE5 inhibitor (ie/sildenafil)`

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50
Q

dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged, dark nuclei

A

koilocytes (HPV infection)

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51
Q

diethystilbestrol (DES) exposure

A

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

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52
Q

most common tumor in women

A

leiomyoma

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53
Q

most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide

A

cervical cancer

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54
Q

chocolate cyst of the ovary

A

endometriosis

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55
Q

most common benign ovarian tumor

A

serous cystadenoma

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56
Q

most common malignant ovarian tumor

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

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57
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies

granulosa-theca cell tumors

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58
Q

most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

Trisomy 21 (downs)

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59
Q

Second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

Fragile X

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60
Q

Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma

A

Turners (XO)

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61
Q

Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and jaw

A

Trisomy 18 (Edwards)

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62
Q

Most common cancer in women in the US

A

breast

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63
Q

most common benign breast tumor

A

fibroadenoma

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64
Q

most common malignant breast tumor

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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65
Q

blue dome cyst in the breast

A

non-proliferative fibrocystic change

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66
Q

treatment for ER(+) breast cancer

A

tamoxifen

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67
Q

red, itchy, swollen rash on the areola and nipple

A

Paget’s disease of the breast

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68
Q

branching, filamentous gram (+) rods with sulfer granules

A

actinomyces israelii

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69
Q

most common medication used for UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

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70
Q

most common bacteria in a patient with struvite kidney stones

A

proteus mirabilis (then staph)

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71
Q

Standard treatment for T. pallidum

A

penicillin

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72
Q

Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite

A

Pasteurella multocida

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73
Q

a non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

chancre of primary syphilis

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74
Q

moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion

A

condyloma lata of secondary syphilis

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75
Q

large bull’s eye rash

A

erythema migrans due to lymes disease

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76
Q

calcified granuloma in the lung, plus hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Ghon complex

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77
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats and weight loss

A

Pott’s disease

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78
Q

standard treatment regimen for TB

A 
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
"RIPE"
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79
Q

Eczema, recurrent cold abscesses, high serum IgE

A

hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (Job syndrome)

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80
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes

A

Chediak Higashi disease

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81
Q

Toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument

A

Babinski reflex

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82
Q

Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone and positive babinski sign

A

UMN lesion

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83
Q

hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, muscle atrophy

A

LMN lesion

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84
Q

depigmentation of the substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s

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85
Q

chorea, dementia and atrophy of the caudate and putamen

A

Huntington’s

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86
Q

eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons

A

lewy bodies

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87
Q

conjugate lateral gaze palsy, with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze

A

internuclear opthalmoplegia (MLF lesion)

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88
Q

degeneration of the dorsal columns

A

tabes dorsalis

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89
Q

demyelinating disease in a young woman

A

multiple sclerosis

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90
Q

mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease

A

ALS

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91
Q

Newborn with arm paralysis following a difficult labor

A

Erb’s palsy

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92
Q

most common cause of dementia

A

alzheimers disease

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93
Q

second most common cause of dementia

A

muti-infarct/vascular dementia

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94
Q

extracellular amyloid deposits in the grey matter

A

alzheimer’s disease

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95
Q

intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein

A

alzheimer’s disease

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96
Q

intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain

A

Pick bodies (FTD)

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97
Q

Dysphagia, glossitis and iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer vinson syndrome

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98
Q

Hematemesis with retching

A

mallory weiss tear

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99
Q

mucin-filled cell wit ha peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring cell

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100
Q

most common type of stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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101
Q

ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer

A

krukenberg tumor

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102
Q

gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

zollinger ellison syndrome

103
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with elevated ICP or head trauma

A

cushing ulcer

104
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

curling ulcer

105
Q

weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy and hyperpigmentation

A

Whipple’s disease

106
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliaden/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease

107
Q

vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects

A

folic acid

108
Q

Most common surgical emergency

A

appendicitis

109
Q

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

A

McBurney’s sign

110
Q

most common cancer of the appendix

A

carcinoid tumor

111
Q

GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands

A

Puetz Jeghers syndrome

112
Q

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors

A

Gardner’s syndrome

113
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema

A

colon cancer

114
Q

most common site of colonic diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

115
Q

“string sign” on contrast x-ray

A

Crohn’s disease

116
Q

“lead pipe” appearance of colon on contrast x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis

117
Q

Painless jaundice

A

pancreatic adenocarcinoma (esp in head w/ painless jaundice)

118
Q

Most common cause of acute pancreatitis

A

gallstones

EtOH

119
Q

Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis

A

EtOH abuse

120
Q

Severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate

A

Crigler Najjar syndrome, type 1

121
Q

Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia

A

Gilbert Syndrome

122
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes

A

Fatty liver disease

123
Q

Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes

A

Mallory bodies

124
Q

Cancer closely linked to cirrhosis

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

125
Q

Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites

A

Budd Chiari

126
Q

Green/yellow corneal deposits

A

Kayser Fleischer rings (wilson’s disease)

127
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s

128
Q

Cirrhosis, diabetes and hyperpigmentation

A

Hemochromatosis

129
Q

chronic sinusitits, infertility and situs inversus

A

Kartagener’s

130
Q

Elevated D-dimers

A

PE, DVT

131
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood

A

Virchow’s triad

132
Q

Blue bloater

A

hypoxemia, hypercapnea (chronic bronchitis)

133
Q

Pink puffer

A

dyspnea, hyperventilation (emphysema)

134
Q

Curschmann’s spirals

A

shed epithelium from mucus plugs (asthma)

135
Q

most common cause of pulmonary hypertension

A

COPD

136
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

sarcoidosis

137
Q

vasculitis and glomerulonephritis

A

goodpastures or wegeners

138
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

goodpastures

139
Q

honeycomb lung on x-ray

A

interstitial fibrosis

140
Q

“tennis-racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles

A

birbeck granules (langerhans histiocytosis)

141
Q

iron containing nodules in the alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

142
Q

lung cancer associated with SIADH

A

small cell

143
Q

Tumor associated with horner syndrome

A

pancoast tumor

144
Q

Chest pain, pericarial friction rub, and persistent fever ocurring several weeks after an MI

A

Dressler syndrome

145
Q

splinter hemorrhages under the fingernails

A

infective endocarditis

146
Q

retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

Roth Spots (infetive endocarditis)

147
Q

Heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis

A

Mitral

148
Q

Heart valve most commonly involved in an IV drug user with infective endocarditis

A

Tricuspid

149
Q

Granulomatous nodules in the heart

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic heart disease)

150
Q

Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults

A

left atrial myxoma

151
Q

most common primary cardiac tumor in children

A

rhabdomyoma

152
Q

Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis

A

US: lupus

Developing countries: TB

153
Q

cold, pale painful digits

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

154
Q

c-ANCA

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegeners)

155
Q

p-ANCA

A

microscopic poly angiitis & churg strauss

156
Q

Treatment for Buerger disease

A

smoking cessation

157
Q

treatment for temporal arteritis

A

high dose steroids

158
Q

most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in neonates

A

group B strep

159
Q

most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in children

A

s. pneumo, n. meningitidis

160
Q

most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in adults

A

s. pneumo

161
Q

osteomyelitis in an IV drug user

A

s. aureus, pseudomonas

162
Q

osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient

A

salmonella

163
Q

most common reportable STD

A

chlamydi

164
Q

non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

primary syphilis

165
Q

painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion, with exudate

A

chancroid

166
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells on a wet prep of vaginal discharge

A

Bacterial vaginosis (clue cells)

167
Q

Common treatment for syphilis

A

Penicillin

168
Q

Common treatment for trichomonas

A

metronidazole

169
Q

Common treatment for chlamydia

A

doxycycline or azithromycin

170
Q

Common treatment for gonorrhea

A

ceftriaxone

171
Q

a boy with self-mutilating behavior, intellectual disability and gout

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

172
Q

Orotic acid in the urine + elevations in serum ammonia

A

OTC deficiency (uric acid cycle ddefect)

173
Q

Orotic acid in the urine + NO elevations in serum ammonia

A

Orotic acidurea

174
Q

Megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B12

A

Orotic acidurea

175
Q

most common medicaiton for ADHD

A

methylphenidate

176
Q

most common medication for bulimia nervosa?

A

SSRIs (fluoxetine)

177
Q

Medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepines

178
Q

Most effective treatment for alcohol abuse

A

Alcoholics anonymous

179
Q

Atrohpy of the mamillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

180
Q

Treatment for central DI

A

desmopressin

181
Q

Treatment for nephrogenic DI

A

HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride

182
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

183
Q

Glomerulonephritis plus pulmonary vasculitis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Goodpasture syndrome

184
Q

red cell casts

A

acute glomerulonephritis

185
Q

waxy casts

A

chronic renal failure

186
Q

thyroid like appearance of kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis

187
Q

most common renal tumor

A

renal cell carcinoma

188
Q

most common type of renal stone

A

calcium stones

189
Q

type of renal stone associated with proteus vulgaris

A

struvite stones

190
Q

Bluish-colored lines on the gingivae

A

Lead poisoning (bruton’s lines)

191
Q

Treatment of choice for rickets or osteomalacia

A

Vitamin D

192
Q

Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes and spots on the skin

A

scurvy

Vitamin C deficiency

193
Q

Most common vitamin deficiency in the US?

A

folate deficiency

194
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

B12 or folate deficiency

195
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy

A 
Wet Beriberi
(Thiamine/B1 deficiency)
196
Q

Most common tumor of the adrenal

A

Benign, non-functioning adrenal adenoma

197
Q

Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

pheochromocytoma

198
Q

Most common tumor of the adrenal (children)

A

neuroblastoma

199
Q

Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adrenal adenoma

200
Q

medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism

A

spironolactone or eplerenone

201
Q

medical treatment for pheochromocytoma

A

non-selective alpha blocker

202
Q

Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hyperparathyroidism

A

MEN2A

203
Q

Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, mucosal neuromas

A

MEN2B

204
Q

Adrenal disease assoicated with skin hyperpigmentation

A

Addison’s disease

205
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

206
Q

Most common thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

207
Q

cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

208
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei

A

papillary cancer of the thyroid

209
Q

most common cause of hypercalcemia

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

210
Q

most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

parathyroid adenoma

211
Q

most common casue of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

chronic renal failure

212
Q

most common cause of hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental parathyroidectomy

213
Q

facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheek

A

chvostek’s sign

214
Q

parathyroid, pancreatic and pituitary tumors

A

MEN1

215
Q

Preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation

A

heparin or LMWH

216
Q

Preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation

A

warfarin

217
Q

Preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy

A

heparin or LMWH

218
Q

Causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency
thalassemia
lead poisoning

219
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia

220
Q

skull x-ray shows a “hair on end” appearance

A

marrow hyperplasia

221
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning

222
Q

Painful cyanosis of the fingers and toes, with hemolytic anemia

A

Cold AutoImmune hemolytic anemia

223
Q

Red urine in the morning and fragile RBCs

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

224
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnant in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies

225
Q

Autosplenectomy

A

Sickle Cell disease

226
Q

Drug used to treat sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea

227
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

ITP

228
Q

Bleeding disorder with GP1b deficiency

A

Bernard soulier s/o

229
Q

Most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

vonwillebrand disease

230
Q

Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (HHV-8 infection)

231
Q

Temporal lobe encephalitis

A

HSV-1

232
Q

Owl’s eye inclusions in organ tissue

A

CMV

233
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplets

A

Type A Cowdry bodies (HSV & CMV)

234
Q

Aplastic anemia in a sickle cell patient

A

Parvovirus B19

235
Q

Child with a fever and “slapped cheek” rash on the face that spreads to his body

A

Parvovirus B19

236
Q

Fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis and diffuse rash

A

measles (rubeola)

237
Q

Small irregular blue gray spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red

A

Koplik spots

measles

238
Q

Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient

A

Kapsois sarcoma

239
Q

Large cells with owl’s eye inclusions

A

CMV

240
Q

Treatment for CMV

A

ganciclovir

241
Q

Most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients

A

PCP

242
Q

Drug used to prevent pneumocystis pneumonia

A

TMP-SMX

243
Q

Treatment for oral candidiasis

A

nystatin, fluconazole

244
Q

Most common opportunistic infection in HIV pts

A

penumocystic jirovecii

245
Q

Prophylaxis for cryptococcus in AIDS pts

A

Fluconazole

246
Q

Prophylaxis for PCP in AIDS pts

A

TMP-SMX

247
Q

Treatment for systemic candidiasis

A

Immunocompetent: fluconazole
Immunocomprimised: amphoteracin B, echinocandin

248
Q

Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii

A

itraconazole, potassium iodide

249
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in an HIV patient

A

toxoplasma gondii

250
Q

Treatment for trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole

251
Q

Most common protozoal diarrhea

A

Giardia

252
Q

most common helminth infection in the US

A

enterobius vermicularis

253
Q

second most common helminth infection in the US

A

acaris lumbricoides

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