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World Musics: Final Exam > Rapid Fire > Flashcards

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1
Q

rāga

A

India; musical architecture used as the basis for improvisation

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2
Q

swara

A

India; (note) - ambiguity between transition of notes

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3
Q

gamaka

A

India; (ornamentation) - gliding between a variation of pitches of a note

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4
Q

tāla

A

India; (time cycle, or meters) - determines rhythms in performance

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5
Q

sléndro

A

Indonesia; Javanese gamelan tuning with equidistant 5-toned scales

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6
Q

pélog

A

Indonesia; Javanese gamelan tuning with 7 available pitches that create 5-toned gapped scales

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7
Q

Jiangnan Sizhu

A

Chinese Silk and Bamboo Ensemble
smaller ensemble; heterophonic texture; tempo tends to increase throughout piece

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8
Q

Beijing (Peking) Opera

A

China; elaborate costumes, but simple stage and scenery; characters organized by subtype

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9
Q

“New” Traditional Chinese

A

western pop with traditional instruments; commercialized; highly proficient all women groups

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10
Q

gagaku

A

Japan; associated with old imperial court; heterogenous ensembles

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11
Q

Taiko Drumming Ensemble

A

Japan; 20th century develpment; casual seting; neighbords gather and play drums

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12
Q

Nō

A

style of Japanese theatre; 14th century; elite samurai

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13
Q

kabuki

A

style of Japense theatre; 18th century; more popular audience

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14
Q

ma

A

Japan; sense of space or emptiness

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15
Q

maqām

A

tonal mode in Turkish & Arab music; not just a scale, but also a set of emphasized pitches and melodic figures; uses microtones

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16
Q

usul

A

Turkish rhythmic modes; additive; asymmetric (düm tek)

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17
Q

fasil

A

Turkey; (suite) - series of short pieces which belong together in a greater whole; listened to at parties and nightclubs

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18
Q

arabesk

A

Turkish urban popular style; Egyptian influence

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19
Q

taksim

A

Arab World; improvised solo musical performance
(introduces the maqām before entry of the Takht Ensemble)

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20
Q

tarab

A

Arab World; state of ecstasy or enchantment with music

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21
Q

azān

A

Muslim call to prayer; not considered music, but musical; repetitions; melismatic (one syllable stretched over many notes)

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22
Q

zaffa

A

Arab wedding march
includes mizmar - double-reed aerophone

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23
Q

takht enesmble

A

Arab small instrument ensemble

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24
Q

fado

A

Portugese; dramatic, almost sobbing way of singing about melancholic events and feelings

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25
Andalucía
home of flamenco
26
flamenco
musical style that arose from Roma in flamenco in Spain
27
cante jondo
deep song in Spain
28
duende
authentic soul in Spain
29
ayeo
improvised vocals in spain
30
hemiola
Spain; ambiguous rhyhtm that encopass either 2 or 3 beats
31
tempo rubato
Spain; fluctuating speed
32
Aragón
Spanish region associated with Jota Antigua (dance in a fast triple meter)
33
jota antigua
Spanish dance in fast triple meter; associated with region of Aragón
34
Galicia
region in Spain associated with gaita galega (Galician bagpipe)
35
gaita galega
Galician bagpipe - Spainish instrument from Galicia
36
sean-nós
(in the old way) - unaccompanied Irish-language singing; melasmatic
37
ballad
Irish narrative song that tells a story; English-language singing
38
jigs, reels, and hornpipes
Irish instrumental dance tunes
39
lilting
Ireland; singing an instrumental melody using only vocables
40
Bulgarian vocal ensembles
all women; close harmonies; no vibrato
41
obrabotki
(reworked and improved) - songs developed for new “national” Bulgarian music that is not tied to any one region
42
Balkan beat box
created in NYC; inspired by Bulgarian music; close harmonies, but meter is easier to dance to
43
mande griots
West Africa; musical storytellers; primary culture bearers; hereditary; kora - harp-lute with gourd resonator
44
Ghanian drumming
popular in large metro areas in West Africa; bells set tempo
45
Nigerian Jùjú
urban popular Nigerian style; guitar-based
46
marabi
South Africa; zuzu township dance; genre associated with shebeen (speakeasy - illegal drinking establishments); repetitive; piano and percussion
47
mbaqanga
South Africa; township jive; hybrid of styles; electrification of instruments; simple chord structure for dancing
48
isicathamiya
secular zulu choral music; acapella groups with elegant choreography; played in halls, ballrooms, and hostels in big cities
49
BAaka
(South African forest people) - heterophonic and polyphonic singing
50
capoeira
Brazillian dance, music, and sport used by slaves for discrete physical training for uprising berimbau - bowed chordophone
51
samba
dance and dance music that originated from poor hillside neighborhoods in Rio
52
bossa nova
(new trend) - reconfiguration of sambra rhythms; influenced by North American cool jazz sound; performed in nightclubs
53
forró
party music in NE Brazil; sanfona (accordion), triangle, and zabumba (bass drum)
54
son
sound or style in Cuban music conjunto = changes in son urban son structure = tema and montuno
55
conjunto
changes in son (the sound or style of Cuban music)
56
tema
urban son structure - European elements - harmony, homophonic texture, guitars
57
montuno
urban son structure - African elements - cycles, call-and-response, rhythmic layers
58
panpipes
aerophone from the Andes siku - double row antara - single row interlocking patterns
59
charango
chordophone in the Andes; similar to a small guitar or ukelele
60
brass bands
the Andes
61
New York Salsa
transnational blending of styles from the Carribean
62
merengue
(Dominican) - Carribean musical style and dance; fusion of European and African styles; accordion
63
bomba
(Puerto Rican) - Carribean musical style and dance; characterized by hand drumming
64
son jarocho
style of music associated with Veracrus in Mexico; ambiguous meter; includes harp and guitar-like instruments; copla - 4 lines of poetry, quasi-improvised
65
copla
in Mexican son jarocho music; 4 lines of poetry, quasi-improvised
66
mariachi
associated with Jalisco in Mexico; can refer to the ensemble or the individual musician; orginally violins, vihuelas, guitarrones; trumpets added in 20th century
67
corrido
(ballad) - tells a story; simple harmonies over a rhtyhm of polka or waltz; associated with Mexico and Texas Borderlands
68
conjunto
associated with southern texas; typically a group of ppl having fun in backyard or garage; combination of accordion, bajo sexto, drums, and tololoche
69
band-orquesta
Mexico & TX Borderlands; considered to be socially above the conjunto; emphasis on brass and woodwind instruments
70
2 Polkas
1. Norwegian-American Polka - longer notes, more embellishments 2. South Texas Polka - staccato, quick melody
71
grupo
Mexican; includes a little bit of everything; pop and rock
72
powwow
intertribal event where American Indians celebrate culture through song and dance
73
push-ups
Native North American iterations of song
74
honor beats
more prominent drum beats in Native North America
75
Native North America Style Traits
* monophonic singing to percussion accompaniment * vocables * repetition of short phrases
76
blues
formally consists of a characteristic chord pattern that cycles with some variation; inflections in pitch; influenced by West African music
77
gospel
call-and-response; includes other aspects of blues such as inflection in pitch; influenced by West African music
78
rap
mostly spoken rather than sung; often a form of social commentary or protests
79
Style Traits of Japanese Music
1) scales - pentatonic; include half steps 2) flowing ongoingness - slow pulse; nonmetric 3) ma - sense of space or emptiness 4) classical solo repertoires - pieces handed down across generations
80
West African Music Style Traits
1. polyrhythmic 2. call-and-response 3. ostinato (repeating patterns) 4. timbre (background shimmer)
81
Music in the Andes
panpipes charango brass bands
82
Music in African America
blues, gospel, rap
83
Chinese Instruments
dizi - traditional Chinese bamboo flute sheng - mouth organ erhu - fretless bowed fiddle pipa - fretted lute quin (guqin) - ancient chordophone - associated with scholarly gentlemen bangu - percussive membranophone - small frame drum
84
Japanese Instruments
shakuhachi - flute; associated with Buddhist sects sho - mouth organ koto - plucked zither tsume - small picks used to play the koto taiko - percussive drum frame
85
Turkish Instruments
ney - flute; associated with Sufism Turkey & Arab World oud - lute; similar to guitar Turkey & Arab World saz - family of long-necked lutes; movable frets kemençe - short-necked, bowed lute kanun - plucked zither
86
Arab Instruments
mizmar - double-reed aerophone used in wedding processions ney - flute; associated with Sufism Turkey & Arab World oud - lute; similar to guitar Turkey & Arab World buzuq - long-necked lute riqq - tambourine with cymbals
87
Irish Instruments
uilleann pipes - similar to bagpipes, but quieter Irish bouzouki - chordophone; originally from the Middle East bodhrán-frame drum
88
Brazillian Instruments
panderio - large tunable tambourine; Portuguese surdo - large cylindrical drum; Portuguese cuíca - friction drum; Brazilian agôgô - double bell; Africa ganzá - cylindrical shaker filled with beads; Africa sanfona - accordion; Brazil zabumba - bass drum; Brazil
89
Mexico & TX Borderlands Instruments
guitarron - deep-voiced acoustic bass guitar; used in mariachi music vihuela - similar to guitarron, but smaller and higher-pitched; used in mariachi music bajo sexto - 12-string guitar used in conjunto music button accordion

World Musics: Final Exam (3 decks)

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