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World Musics: Final Exam > Rapid Fire > Flashcards

Rapid Fire Flashcards

1
Q

rāga

A

India; musical architecture used as the basis for improvisation

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2
Q

swara

A

India; (note) - ambiguity between transition of notes

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3
Q

gamaka

A

India; (ornamentation) - gliding between a variation of pitches of a note

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4
Q

tāla

A

India; (time cycle, or meters) - determines rhythms in performance

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5
Q

sléndro

A

Indonesia; Javanese gamelan tuning with equidistant 5-toned scales

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6
Q

pélog

A

Indonesia; Javanese gamelan tuning with 7 available pitches that create 5-toned gapped scales

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7
Q

Jiangnan Sizhu

A

Chinese Silk and Bamboo Ensemble
smaller ensemble; heterophonic texture; tempo tends to increase throughout piece

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8
Q

Beijing (Peking) Opera

A

China; elaborate costumes, but simple stage and scenery; characters organized by subtype

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9
Q

“New” Traditional Chinese

A

western pop with traditional instruments; commercialized; highly proficient all women groups

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10
Q

gagaku

A

Japan; associated with old imperial court; heterogenous ensembles

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11
Q

Taiko Drumming Ensemble

A

Japan; 20th century develpment; casual seting; neighbords gather and play drums

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12
Q

Nō

A

style of Japanese theatre; 14th century; elite samurai

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13
Q

kabuki

A

style of Japense theatre; 18th century; more popular audience

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14
Q

ma

A

Japan; sense of space or emptiness

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15
Q

maqām

A

tonal mode in Turkish & Arab music; not just a scale, but also a set of emphasized pitches and melodic figures; uses microtones

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16
Q

usul

A

Turkish rhythmic modes; additive; asymmetric (düm tek)

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17
Q

fasil

A

Turkey; (suite) - series of short pieces which belong together in a greater whole; listened to at parties and nightclubs

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18
Q

arabesk

A

Turkish urban popular style; Egyptian influence

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19
Q

taksim

A

Arab World; improvised solo musical performance
(introduces the maqām before entry of the Takht Ensemble)

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20
Q

tarab

A

Arab World; state of ecstasy or enchantment with music

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21
Q

azān

A

Muslim call to prayer; not considered music, but musical; repetitions; melismatic (one syllable stretched over many notes)

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22
Q

zaffa

A

Arab wedding march
includes mizmar - double-reed aerophone

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23
Q

takht enesmble

A

Arab small instrument ensemble

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24
Q

fado

A

Portugese; dramatic, almost sobbing way of singing about melancholic events and feelings

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25
Q

Andalucía

A

home of flamenco

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26
Q

flamenco

A

musical style that arose from Roma in flamenco in Spain

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27
Q

cante jondo

A

deep song in Spain

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28
Q

duende

A

authentic soul in Spain

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29
Q

ayeo

A

improvised vocals in spain

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30
Q

hemiola

A

Spain; ambiguous rhyhtm that encopass either 2 or 3 beats

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31
Q

tempo rubato

A

Spain; fluctuating speed

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32
Q

Aragón

A

Spanish region associated with Jota Antigua (dance in a fast triple meter)

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33
Q

jota antigua

A

Spanish dance in fast triple meter; associated with region of Aragón

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34
Q

Galicia

A

region in Spain associated with gaita galega (Galician bagpipe)

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35
Q

gaita galega

A

Galician bagpipe - Spainish instrument from Galicia

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36
Q

sean-nós

A

(in the old way) - unaccompanied Irish-language singing; melasmatic

37
Q

ballad

A

Irish narrative song that tells a story; English-language singing

38
Q

jigs, reels, and hornpipes

A

Irish instrumental dance tunes

39
Q

lilting

A

Ireland; singing an instrumental melody using only vocables

40
Q

Bulgarian vocal ensembles

A

all women; close harmonies; no vibrato

41
Q

obrabotki

A

(reworked and improved) - songs developed for new “national” Bulgarian music that is not tied to any one region

42
Q

Balkan beat box

A

created in NYC; inspired by Bulgarian music; close harmonies, but meter is easier to dance to

43
Q

mande griots

A

West Africa; musical storytellers; primary culture bearers; hereditary; kora - harp-lute with gourd resonator

44
Q

Ghanian drumming

A

popular in large metro areas in West Africa; bells set tempo

45
Q

Nigerian Jùjú

A

urban popular Nigerian style; guitar-based

46
Q

marabi

A

South Africa; zuzu township dance; genre associated with shebeen (speakeasy - illegal drinking establishments); repetitive; piano and percussion

47
Q

mbaqanga

A

South Africa; township jive; hybrid of styles; electrification of instruments; simple chord structure for dancing

48
Q

isicathamiya

A

secular zulu choral music; acapella groups with elegant choreography; played in halls, ballrooms, and hostels in big cities

49
Q

BAaka

A

(South African forest people) - heterophonic and polyphonic singing

50
Q

capoeira

A

Brazillian dance, music, and sport used by slaves for discrete physical training for uprising
berimbau - bowed chordophone

51
Q

samba

A

dance and dance music that originated from poor hillside neighborhoods in Rio

52
Q

bossa nova

A

(new trend) - reconfiguration of sambra rhythms; influenced by North American cool jazz sound; performed in nightclubs

53
Q

forró

A

party music in NE Brazil; sanfona (accordion), triangle, and zabumba (bass drum)

54
Q

son

A

sound or style in Cuban music
conjunto = changes in son
urban son structure = tema and montuno

55
Q

conjunto

A

changes in son (the sound or style of Cuban music)

56
Q

tema

A

urban son structure - European elements - harmony, homophonic texture, guitars

57
Q

montuno

A

urban son structure - African elements - cycles, call-and-response, rhythmic layers

58
Q

panpipes

A

aerophone from the Andes
siku - double row
antara - single row
interlocking patterns

59
Q

charango

A

chordophone in the Andes; similar to a small guitar or ukelele

60
Q

brass bands

A

the Andes

61
Q

New York Salsa

A

transnational blending of styles from the Carribean

62
Q

merengue

A

(Dominican) - Carribean musical style and dance; fusion of European and African styles; accordion

63
Q

bomba

A

(Puerto Rican) - Carribean musical style and dance; characterized by hand drumming

64
Q

son jarocho

A

style of music associated with Veracrus in Mexico; ambiguous meter; includes harp and guitar-like instruments; copla - 4 lines of poetry, quasi-improvised

65
Q

copla

A

in Mexican son jarocho music; 4 lines of poetry, quasi-improvised

66
Q

mariachi

A

associated with Jalisco in Mexico; can refer to the ensemble or the individual musician; orginally violins, vihuelas, guitarrones; trumpets added in 20th century

67
Q

corrido

A

(ballad) - tells a story; simple harmonies over a rhtyhm of polka or waltz; associated with Mexico and Texas Borderlands

68
Q

conjunto

A

associated with southern texas; typically a group of ppl having fun in backyard or garage; combination of accordion, bajo sexto, drums, and tololoche

69
Q

band-orquesta

A

Mexico & TX Borderlands; considered to be socially above the conjunto; emphasis on brass and woodwind instruments

70
Q

2 Polkas

A
  1. Norwegian-American Polka - longer notes, more embellishments
  2. South Texas Polka - staccato, quick melody
71
Q

grupo

A

Mexican; includes a little bit of everything; pop and rock

72
Q

powwow

A

intertribal event where American Indians celebrate culture through song and dance

73
Q

push-ups

A

Native North American iterations of song

74
Q

honor beats

A

more prominent drum beats in Native North America

75
Q

Native North America Style Traits

A
  • monophonic singing to percussion accompaniment
  • vocables
  • repetition of short phrases
76
Q

blues

A

formally consists of a characteristic chord pattern that cycles with some variation; inflections in pitch; influenced by West African music

77
Q

gospel

A

call-and-response; includes other aspects of blues such as inflection in pitch; influenced by West African music

78
Q

rap

A

mostly spoken rather than sung; often a form of social commentary or protests

79
Q

Style Traits of Japanese Music

A

1) scales - pentatonic; include half steps
2) flowing ongoingness - slow pulse; nonmetric
3) ma - sense of space or emptiness
4) classical solo repertoires - pieces handed down across generations

80
Q

West African Music Style Traits

A
  1. polyrhythmic
  2. call-and-response
  3. ostinato (repeating patterns)
  4. timbre (background shimmer)
81
Q

Music in the Andes

A

panpipes
charango
brass bands

82
Q

Music in African America

A

blues, gospel, rap

83
Q

Chinese Instruments

A

dizi - traditional Chinese bamboo flute
sheng - mouth organ
erhu - fretless bowed fiddle
pipa - fretted lute
quin (guqin) - ancient chordophone - associated with scholarly gentlemen
bangu - percussive membranophone - small frame drum

84
Q

Japanese Instruments

A

shakuhachi - flute; associated with Buddhist sects
sho - mouth organ
koto - plucked zither
tsume - small picks used to play the koto
taiko - percussive drum frame

85
Q

Turkish Instruments

A

ney - flute; associated with Sufism
Turkey & Arab World
oud - lute; similar to guitar
Turkey & Arab World
saz - family of long-necked lutes; movable frets
kemençe - short-necked, bowed lute
kanun - plucked zither

86
Q

Arab Instruments

A

mizmar - double-reed aerophone used in wedding processions
ney - flute; associated with Sufism
Turkey & Arab World
oud - lute; similar to guitar
Turkey & Arab World
buzuq - long-necked lute
riqq - tambourine with cymbals

87
Q

Irish Instruments

A

uilleann pipes - similar to bagpipes, but quieter
Irish bouzouki - chordophone; originally from the Middle East
bodhrán-frame drum

88
Q

Brazillian Instruments

A

panderio - large tunable tambourine; Portuguese
surdo - large cylindrical drum; Portuguese
cuíca - friction drum; Brazilian
agôgô - double bell; Africa
ganzá - cylindrical shaker filled with beads; Africa
sanfona - accordion; Brazil
zabumba - bass drum; Brazil

89
Q

Mexico & TX Borderlands Instruments

A

guitarron - deep-voiced acoustic bass guitar; used in mariachi music
vihuela - similar to guitarron, but smaller and higher-pitched; used in mariachi music
bajo sexto - 12-string guitar used in conjunto music
button accordion

World Musics: Final Exam (3 decks)

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