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Kine Practical > Range of Motion > Flashcards

Range of Motion Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical Flexion and Extension

Using Goniometer

A

Instructions: Keep your chin as near to your neck

Patient’s position: Sitting with thoracic and lumbar spine supported by back of chair

Goniometry

  • Axis: External Auditory Meatus
  • Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to floor
  • Moving Arm: Base of nares
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2
Q

Cervical Flexion and Extension

Using Tape Measure

A

Instructions: Keep your chin as near to your neck

Patient’s position: Sitting with thoracic and lumbar spine supported by back of chair

Tape measure
- Distance between chin and jugular notch

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3
Q

Cervical Flexion and Extension

Using Inclinometers

A

Instructions: Keep your chin as near to your neck

Patient’s position: Sitting with thoracic and lumbar spine supported by back of chair

Inclinometers

  • T1 Spinous Process
  • Top of the head
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4
Q

Cervical Lateral Flexion

Using Goniometer

A

Instructions: Bring your head to your right shoulder

Watch for hitching of the shoulders and trunk flexion

Patient’s Position: Sitting on stool/ over edge of bed. Shoulder girdle and chest stabilized

Goniometry

  • Axis: Spinous Prcoess C7
  • Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to Floor
  • Moving Arm: Occipital Protuberance
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5
Q

Cervical Lateral Flexion

Using Tape Measure

A

Instructions: Bring your head to your right shoulder

Watch for hitching of the shoulders and trunk flexion

Patient’s Position: Sitting on stool/ over edge of bed. Shoulder girdle and chest stabilized

Tape Measure
- Distance between mastoid process and acromion

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6
Q

Cervical Lateral Flexion

Using Inclinometers

A

Instructions: Bring your head to your right shoulder

Watch for hitching of the shoulders and trunk flexion

Patient’s Position: Sitting on stool/ over edge of bed. Shoulder girdle and chest stabilized

Inclinometers

  • T1 Spinous Process
  • Top of the head
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7
Q

Cervical Rotation

Using Goniometers

A

Instructions: Turn your head to the right

Patient’s position: Sitting with thoracic and lumbar spine supported by back of chair

Look out for trunk rotation, hitching of shoulders, shoulders moving forward, cervical lateral flexion

Goniometry

  • Axis: Centre or cranial aspect of head
  • Stationary Arm: Between the acromion process
  • Moving Arm: Tip of the nose
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8
Q

Cervical Rotation

Using Tape measure

A

Instructions: Turn your head to the right

Patient’s position: Sitting with thoracic and lumbar spine supported by back of chair

Look out for trunk rotation, hitching of shoulders, shoulders moving forward, cervical lateral flexion

Tape Measure
- Distance between tip of chin and acromion

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9
Q

Cervical Rotation

Using Inclinometers

A

Instructions: Turn your head to the right

Patient’s position: Supine

Inclinometer
- Middle of Forehead

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10
Q

Thoracolumbar Flexion and Extension

Using Goniometer

A

CANNOT BE DONE

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11
Q

Thoracolumbar Flexion and Extension

Using Tape Measure

A

Patient’s position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, bending forward in sagittal plane, knees extended

Tape measure

  • 1st line on L4/L5 Junction (Iliac Crest)
  • 2nd line of C7 Spinous Process
  • Measure when patient in erect and flexion posture and note the differences –> reflect thoracolumbar spinal mobility
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12
Q

Thoracolumbar Flexion and Extension

Using Fingertip-to-floor Method

A

Patient’s position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, bending forward in sagittal plane, knees extended

  • Measure perpendicular distance between tip of middle finger to floor
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13
Q

Thoracolumbar Flexion and Extension

Using Inclinometer

A

Patient’s position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, bending forward in sagittal plane, knees extended

Inclinometer

  • T1 spinous process
  • Sacrum at S2 level
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14
Q

Lumbar Spine Flexion

Using Original Schober Test

A

Patient’s position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, bending forward in sagittal plane, knees extended

Original Schober Test

  • 1st line on L4/L5
  • 2nd line 10cm above
  • Measure distance between the two lines (Reading – 10cm)
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15
Q

Lumbar Spine Flexion

Using Modified Schober Test

A

Patient’s position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, bending forward in sagittal plane, knees extended

Modified Schober Test

  • 1st line on L4/L5
  • 2nd line 10cm above L4/L5
  • 3rd line 5cm below L4/L5
  • Measure distance between 2nd and 3rd line (Reading – 15cm)
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16
Q

Lumbar Spine Flexion

Using Modified-Modified Schober Test

A

Patient’s position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, bending forward in sagittal plane, knees extended

Modified-Modified Schober Test

  • 1st line on L4/L5
  • 2nd line 15cm above L4/L5
  • Measure distance between two lines (Reading – 15cm)
17
Q

Lumbar Spine Flexion

Using Inclinometer

A

Patient’s position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, bending forward in sagittal plane, knees extended

Inclinometer

  • T12 Spinous Process
  • Sacrum at S2 level
18
Q

Thoracolumbar Lateral Flexion

Using Goniometer

A

Patient’s Position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, side bending

Make sure hip does not abduct, patient do not lift up the legs, feet are placed one foot width apart

Goniometry

  • Axis: Spinous Process S2
  • Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to Floor
  • Moving Arm: Spinous Process C7
19
Q

Thoracolumbar Lateral Flexion

Using Tape Measure.
Fingertip-to-floor method

A

Patient’s Position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, side bending

Make sure hip does not abduct, patient do not lift up the legs, feet are placed one foot width apart

Fingertip-to-floor
- Distance between tip of middle finger to floor

20
Q

Thoracolumbar Lateral Flexion

Using Tape Measure. Fingertip-to-thigh Method

A

Patient’s Position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, side bending

Make sure hip does not abduct, patient do not lift up the legs, feet are placed one foot width apart

Fingertip-to-thigh

  • Distance between tip of middle finger to thigh
  • Measure distance when patient is in erect and flexion posture and note the differences between the readings
21
Q

Thoracolumbar Lateral Flexion

Using Inclinometer

A

Patient’s Position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, side bending

Make sure hip does not abduct, patient do not lift up the legs, feet are placed one foot width apart

Inclinometers

  • T1 Spinous Process
  • S2 Spinous Process
22
Q

Lumbar Spine Lateral Flexion

Using Inclinometer

A

Patient’s Position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart, side bending

Make sure hip does not abduct, patient do not lift up the legs, feet are placed one foot width apart

Inclinometers

  • T12 Spinous Process
  • S2 Spinous Process
23
Q

Shoulder Flexion

A

Patient’s Position: Supine, Palm facing body, patient’s hand off the plinth, towel underneath the head, pillow under the knee for comfort.

Instructions: Can I get you to lift your hands up, keeping your elbows straight.

Guide the patient in the first movement and get them to do it on their own and observe for compensatory movement.

Compensatory Movement: Arching of back

Goniometer

  • Axis: Lateral Aspect of Greater Tubercle
  • Stationary Arm: Parallel to midaxillary line of thorax
  • Moving Arm: Lateral Midline of humerus aligned to lateral epicondyle
24
Q

Shoulder Extension

A

Patient’s Position: Prone, Palm facing body, no pillow under the head, face in the hole.

Instructions: Keeping your hands facing the body, can I get you to lift it off the plinth.

Guide the patient in the first movement and get them to do it on their own and observe for compensatory movement (if any)

Goniometer

  • Axis: Lateral aspect of greater tubercle
  • Stationary Arm: Parallel to midaxillary line of thorax
  • Moving Arm: Lateral Midline of humerus aligned to lateral epicondyle
25
Q

Shoulder Abduction

A

Patient’s Position: Palm facing anteriorly, pillow under the shin for comfort

Instructions: With your palms facing the ceiling, can I get you to move your hand outwards.

Guide the patient in the first movement and get them to do it on their own and observe for compensatory movement (if any)

Watch out for your own position as the patient’s hands might hit you when they are performing the motion.

Goniometer

  • Axis: Anterior Aspect of Acromion Process
  • Stationary Arm: Parallel to Midline of the anterior aspect of sternum
  • Moving Arm: Anterior Midline of the humerus aligned to medial epicondyle
26
Q

Shoulder Lateral Rotation

A

Patient’s Position: Supine 90 degrees shoulder abduction and elbow flexion, with arm on towel, elbow over edge of plinth and fingers to ceiling, wrist neutral, pillow under the knee for comfort.

Instructions: Can I get you to bring your hands towards the back

Guide the patient in the first movement and get them to do it on their own and observe for compensatory movement (if any)

Goniometer

  • Axis: Olecranon Process
  • Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to floor
  • Moving Arm: Along ulna from olecranon process aligned to ulnar styloid process
27
Q

Shoulder Medial Rotation

A

Patient’s Position: Supine 90 degrees shoulder abduction and elbow flexion, with arm on towel, elbow over edge of plinth and fingers to ceiling, wrist neutral, pillow under the knee for comfort

Instructions: Can I get you to bring your hands downwards towards the plinth

Guide the patient in the first movement and get them to do it on their own and observe for compensatory movement (if any)

Goniometer

  • Axis: Olecranon Process
  • Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to floor
  • Moving Arm: Along ulna from olecranon process aligned to ulnar styloid process
28
Q

Hip Flexion

A

Patient’s position: Supine, both knees extended, pillow/ towel at the head for comfort

Get patient to remove top to observe for posterior pelvic tilt.

Test: Guide the patient’s hip into flexion, allowing the knee to passively flex during the movement. Stop the movement when further movement results in posterior pelvic tilt. Get the patient to hold it there.

Place the other hand on the pelvis to prevent posterior pelvis tilt

Goniometry

  • Axis: Greater Trochanter of Femur
  • Stationary Arm: Lateral Midline of Pelvis
  • Moving Arm: Lateral Midline of femur aligned to lateral epicondyle of femur
29
Q

Hip Extension

A

Patient’s Position: Prone, both knees extended, hip in neutral position, face into the hole

Get patient to remove top to observe for posterior pelvic tilt

Test: Guide the patient’s hip into extension while maintaining extension of the knee. Stop the movement when an attempt to overcome resistance causes anterior pelvic tilt. Get the patient to hold it there

Place the other hand on the pelvis to prevent anterior pelvic tilt.

Goniometry

  • Axis: Greater Trochanter of Femur
  • Stationary Arm: Lateral Midline of Pelvis
  • Moving Arm: Lateral Midline of Femur aligned to lateral epicondyle of femur
30
Q

Hip Abduction

A

Patient’s Position: Supine, Knees extended, hip neutral

Test: Guide the patient’s hip into abduction. Stop the movement when further movement cause pelvic or trunk rotation

Place the other hand on the pelvis to stabilise it and to prevent rotation

Be aware of your position as you may obstruct the movement

Goniometry

  • Axis: ASIS
  • Stationary Arm: Imaginary line joining both ASIS
  • Moving Arm: Anterior Midline of femur, aligned to centre of patella
31
Q

Hip Adduction

A

Patient’s Position: Supine, Knees extended, hip neutral, contralateral hip abducted to allow space for motion.

Test: Guide the patient’s hip into adduction. Stop the movement when further movement cause pelvic or trunk rotation

Place the other hand on the pelvis to stabilise it and to prevent rotation

Goniometry

  • Axis: ASIS
  • Stationary Arm: Imaginary line joining both ASIS
  • Moving Arm: Anterior Midline of femur, aligned to centre of patella
32
Q

Hip Medial Rotation

A

Patient’s Position: Sitting over the plinth, hips and knees flexed at 90degrees, make sure does not go into abduction or adduction

Test: Guide the patient into medial rotation. Stop the movement when further motion results in pelvic movement

Place the other hand on the femur to prevent it from abduction, adduction or flexion.

Goniometry

  • Axis: Anterior Surface of Patella
  • Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to floor
  • Moving Arm: Anterior Midline of lower leg aligned to tibial tuberosity and a point between 2 malleoli
33
Q

Hip Lateral Rotation

A

Patient’s Position: Sitting over the plinth, hips and knees flexed at 90degrees, make sure does not go into abduction or adduction

Test: Guide the patient into lateral rotation. Stop the movement when further motion results in pelvic movement

Place the other hand on the femur to prevent it from abduction, adduction or flexion.

Goniometry

  • Axis: Anterior Surface of Patella
  • Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to floor
  • Moving Arm: Anterior Midline of lower leg aligned to tibial tuberosity and a point between 2 malleoli
34
Q

Knee Flexion

A

Patient’s Position: Supine, knee extended, ankle supported on a towel roll

Test: Get the patient to slide the feet towards the body, as close as possible.

Goniometry

  • Axis: Lateral Epicondyle of Femur
  • Stationary Arm: Lateral Midline of Femur aligned to Greater Trochanter
  • Moving Arm: Lateral Midline of fibula aligned to lateral malleolus and fibular head

Kine Practical (4 decks)

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