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WSG Champagne Master > Randoms > Flashcards

Randoms Flashcards

1
Q

From the 9th to the 16th century, the principal grapes of Champagne were:

A

Gouais Blanc, Gouais Noir, Fromenteau (Pinot Gris)

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2
Q

The grape that made up vins de la rivière:

A

Fromenteau (Pinot Gris)

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3
Q

The grape that made up vins de la montagne:

A

Gouais Noir

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4
Q

What is the average annual temperature of Champagne?

A

50°F/10°C, the minimum temperature at which photosynthesis occurs.

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5
Q

What were the primary white grapes of Champagne in 1900?

A

Gouais Blanc, Beaunois (Chardonnay), Pinot/Morillon (Blanc) offshoots.

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6
Q

When did Pinot Noir come to Champagne and overtake Gouais Noir?

A

1500s, also called Morillon Noir, Norién or Bon Noir.

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7
Q

What were the primary red grapes of Champagne in 1900?

A

Teinturier (Noiraut/Alicante)
Enfumé Noirt
Chasselas Rouge (also known as Muscat Rouge)
Gamay/Gamet
François Noir,Troyen Noir, Bachet, Beaunoir (hailing from the Aube)
Gouais Noirt
Meunier
Pinot Noir(s)

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8
Q

What prompted the transition to the big 3 grapes (Chard/PN/M) and why?

A

Post WW1. Much of the fighting occurred in the vines, destroying them. So most vineyards needed replanted/grafted, and these 3 grapes had proven themselves to grow well in Champagne, especially in regards to their acid/sugar balance, subtle profile, and effervescence when vinified.

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9
Q

What are the current grapes of Champagne and their percentages?

A

Pinot Noir 38%
Meunier 32%
Chardonnay 30%
Pinot Blanc, Arbanne/Arbane, Fromenteau (Pinot Gris), Petit Meslier 0.3%

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10
Q

What are the 3 rootstocks of Champagne and their soil preferences?

A

41B - Chalky soils, most common (80%)
SO4 - Limestone soils
3309C - Prefers little or no limestone

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11
Q

What are the acid/alcohol characteristics of the 3 main grapes?

A

Meunier - Moderate acidity, least alcohol, juice oxidizes quickly
Pinot Noir - Lease acidity, moderate alcohol
Chardonnay - Most acidity, most alcohol

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12
Q

What are the soil preferences of the 3 main grapes?

A

Meunier - Happy on all soil types
Pinot Noir - Prefers limestone or marl
Chardonnay - Prefers limestone or limestone rich marls

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13
Q

What are the bud/harvest characteristics of the 3 main grapes?

A

Meunier - Late budding, early ripening
Pinot Noir - Early budding, early ripening
Chardonnay - Early budding, early ripening

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14
Q

What is the flavor profile of the 3 main grapes?

A

Meunier - Bright red fruit with a touch of earthiness
Pinot Noir - Cherry and strawberry with moderate tannins
Chardonnay - Apple and citrus

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15
Q

What is unique about Meunier’s genetic makeup?

A

It is chimeric with 2 genotypes, a Pinot genotype and another. The internal cells are of the Pinot genotype, the outer cells from the other. This is why we are trending away from calling it Pinot Meunier.

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16
Q

From which grapes did Chardonnay come?

A

It is a Pinot x Gouais cross.

17
Q

What are the CIVC recommended Pinot Noir clones and their desirable qualities?

A

115 - Selected for reliable maturation to 9-10% potential alcohol, steady yields, Botrytis resistance
779 & 927 - Best for red wine production, reliable maturation to 9-10% alcohol, Botrytis resistance

18
Q

What are the CIVC recommended Chardonnay clones and their desirable qualities?

A

76 - Selected for precocious nouaison (development of berries), steady yields, Botrytis resistance
75 & 95 - Selected for reliable maturation to 9-10% potential alcohol, low yields, Botrytis resistance

19
Q

What are the CIVC recommended Meunier clones and their desirable qualities?

A

977 - Selected for late budding, reliable maturation to 9-10% potential alcohol, steady yields, Botrytis resistance
900 - Selected for reliably higher maturation (10% potential alcohol), unfortunately low Botrytis resistance
817 - Selected for precocious nouaison, Botrytis resistance

20
Q

What is the French term for layering, planting new vines by burying canes with exposed buds while still attached to their parent vine.

A

Provinage

21
Q

What is the French term for, when layering an entire vineyard, the vineyard would move in the same direction?

A

Assiselage

22
Q

Prior to WW1, how many vines per acre/hectare was common?

A

20,000/50,000

23
Q

What was the pre/post phylloxera vineyard area in Champagne?

A

150,000/30,000 acres (50,000/12,000 hectares)

24
Q

Post WW1, how many vines per planted per acre/hectare?

A

3,200/8,000

25
Q

When did phylloxera arrive in Champagne and when did they lose the fight?

A

1888 in Aube, lost the fight by WW1

26
Q

What is the downside of grafting vinifera to American rootstock?

A

The rootstock blocks potassium uptake and shortens a vines lifespan by half

27
Q

What are the 4 approved pruning methods and their characteristics?

A

Chablis - a long pruning method with 4 long canes and 1 renewal spur
Cordon de Royat - has one cordon with multiple spurs
Guyot - has one long cane and one spur (or 2 & 2 for Double Guyot)
Vallée de la Marne - a long pruning system with 2 canes going in the same direction

28
Q

Grand Cru and Premier Cru sites must use which pruning methods?

A

Chablis and Cordon de Royat

29
Q

Vallée de la Marne pruning can only be used for which grape varietal?

A

Meunier

30
Q

Guyot pruning is best for what type of vineyard areas?

A

Frost prone areas, ensuring new wood each year which means new viable buds

31
Q

How many clusters typically grow per vine?

A

12 - 15, enough for 1 bottle of wine

WSG Champagne Master (8 decks)

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