Randomized Test Questions Flashcards
Review
What criteria do we use to assess quality of wine?
Balance
Intensity
Length
Complexity
What does umani in food decrease and increase in wine
Increases perception of: alcohol, bitterness, astringency, acidity
Decreases perception of: body, sweetness, fruitiness
7 wine faults and the odours they produce
TCA - damp cardboard Reduction - rotten eggs, boiled cabbage Sulfur Dioxide - matches Oxidation - toffee, honey, caramel Out of condition - dull, stale Volatile acidity - vinegar, nail polish remover Brettanomyces - plastic, animal
In what style of wine do SO2 levels tend to be the highest?
Sweet white wine
What is Brettanomyces
Spoilage yeast producing aroma of plastic and animal.
What does reduction smell like?
Stinky rotten eggs and boiled cabbage
What of the following alcohol levels would be considered medium for a light wine?
12.5 %
The four main methods to combat spring Frost’s:
Sprinklers
Wind machines
Heaters
Vineyard design
Cool nights vs. warm nights. What are the effects in the grapes?
Cool night can help retain the acidity and aromas in grapes. Warm nights can accelerate the ripe ins.
Sites with large diurnal range can produce wines that are…?
Fresher and more aromatic comparing to the sites that has smaller diurnal range.
What are the three main irrigation techniques?
Drop irrigation
Sprinklers
Flood irrigation
Crossing vs. Hybrid?
Examples
Crossing is when a new variety is produced from two parents of the same species (e.g. Pinotage is a crossing of Pinot Noir x Cinsault; Müller Thurgau is a crossing of Riesling x Ma deleine Royale)
Hybrid is a vine whose parents are from two different vine species, typically hybrids have at least one American parent. E.g. Vidal, Marechal Foch
Which part of vine is a cordon?
Arm of permanent wood
What is the traditional treatment for Downy Mildew?
Cooper-base spray (Bordeaux mixture)
How would a grape grower best switch to a different variety between seasons?
Head grafting
Photosynthesis formulation?
Chlorophyll and sunlight combined with CO2 and water
The warm climate has a temperature range of?
18.5°-21°C
When does budburst occure I’m northern and southern hemisphere?
Northern hemisphere: march-april
Southern hemisphere: september-october
When does early shoot and leaf growth in southern/northern hemisphere ?
Northern hemisphere: march-may
Southern hemisphere: september-november
When does fruit set occur on southern/northern hemisphere ?
Northern hemisphere: may-june
Southern hemisphere: november-december
Vérasion and berry ripening season in southern/norther hemisphere?
Northern: july - september
Southern: january - March
When does harvest occur in northern/southern hemisphere?
Northern: September - October
Southern: March - April
Explain carbonic maceration.
Only whole, uncrushed bunches that are placed into cats filled with CO2 to remove oxygen. Intercellular fermentation begins and when grapes reach 2% ABV they split and release their juice. This method allows to extract color but very little tannin.
These wines are soft and full of fruit with distinctive notes of kirsch, banana, bubble gum and cinnamon.
If whole bunches are used, the winemaker must ensure that…
The grapes stems are fully ripe (if not the stems will add an undesirable bitter taste).
Explain semi-carbonic maceration.
The vats are filled with whole bunches, the grapes at the bottom of the bat are crushed under the weight of the grapes on the bottom and some juice is released. Ambient yeast start to ferment the juice and this fermentation produces CO2, which filles the vat and the remaining intact berries undergo carbonic maceration. As the intact grapes begin to split and release their juice the grapes are pressed and yeast complete the fermentation off the skins.
This method can result in a better integration with aromas from the grape variety. It results in wines with a fresher fruit character.
What are the benefits of using technique of fermenting whole bunches with crushed fruit?
This technique gives wine a silkier texture and.a brighter, fresher fruit character.
3 main techniques used for clarification ?
Sedimintation
Fining
Filtration
Describe the characteristics of Riesling grape
Aromatic white grape.
Late-budding and mid/late ripening.
Ability to accumulate sugar without loosing it’s naturally high acidity.
Green fruit flavours and floral notes in cool climates
Citrus and stone fruit character with richer flavour in warmer climates.
Bottle ageing allows aromas of honey, toast and petrol.
One of the most long-lived white wines.
Which is used as both antiseptic and antioxidant in winemaking?
SO2
When is depth filter used?
Before stabilization.
What are the three grapes varieties in Sauternes and how does each contribute to the blend?
- semillon (thin-skinned, susceptible to botrytis, and capable of ageing)
- Sauvignon Blanc (adds acidity and fruitiness)
- Muscadelle (aromas of exotic parfume)
Which term is related to late harvest in Alsace?
Vendage Tardive
Individual appellation within Côtes de Provence?
What is the specialty?
Bandol, produces premium Mourvèdre based wine
Where is Chateau Griller located?
Norther Rhône
Languedoc AC red wines follow a similar blend as found in
Southern Rhône
The local white variety in Limoux is
Mauzac
How many grapes can be used to make Chateaneuf-du-Pape?
13
What are the three grapes used for Tokaji production?
Furmint
Hársevelü
Sárga Muskotály
What style of wine is allowed in the Weinviertel DAC, Austria?
Grüner Veltliner
Klassik and Reserve
Which black grape is the most planted in Austria?
Zweigelt
What are the 3 villages in Mosel, Germany with top-quality wines?
Wehlen
Piesport
Bernkastel
Cru villages in Southern Rhône making similar style wines to Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
Vacqueyras
Gigondas
3 grape growing regions in Austria
Wachau
Weinviertel DAC
Burgenland
What’s Burgenland production?
Sweet botrytised wines made with Welschriesling
Zweigelt - most planted
Grapes of Wachau
Riesling
Grünel Veltiner
Wine in Weinviertel
Grüner Veltliner only
Klassik and Reserve
Black grapes of Austria?
Zweigelt (deep colour, soft tannins, bramble fruit)
Blaufränkisch (med tannin, high acid, pepper, sour cherry)
St Laurent (similar to Pinot Noir)
White grapes of Austria?
Riesling
Grüner Veltliner
Welschriesling
What’s Austrian ‘Ausbruch’ is like?
Between BA and TBA
What’s the methof for Strohwein or Schilfwein wine production?
Bunches of grapes are laid out on beds of straw during the winter, to concentrate sugar
3 grapes used for Tokaji production?
Furmint (susceptible to noble rot, develops nots of honey and nuts as ages, principle grape variety used for Aszú wines)
Hárslevelü (late ripening, contributes parfume)
Sárga Muscotály (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, used for aromatic qualities)
Grape types used in Tokaji?
1-Aszú- ‘roten grapes’, selected individually
2-Bunches that remain unaffected by the rot
3-Szamorodni - bunches that are partially affected by the rot
What wine style in Tokaji is similar to Fino Sherry with flor-like affect
Tokaji Szamorodni
Casks for dry wine are not completely filled, to enable flor-like yeast to form naturally in the wine
Types of sweet wines in Tokaj?
Tokaji Aszú (aszú berries are macerated in the base wine, classic wine profile: deep Amber, high acid, intense aromas of orange peel apricots, honey) Tokaji Eszencia (made using free run juice of aszú grapes) Late Harvest (made in traditionally way by fermenting rot affected grapes, not by macerating grapes like for Tokaji Aszú)
Greece PDO and grapes
Naoussa PDO (Xinomavro) Nemea PDO (Agiorgitico) Santorini PDO (Assyrtiko)
What wine does Umbria produce?
What are the grapes?
Orvieto DOC made with Trebbiano and Grechetto
What wine does Lazio produce?
Frascati DOC made with Malvasia and Trebbiano
What wine does Puglia produce?
What’s the specific DOC for premium wine?
Puglia grows Negroamaro and Primitivo
Best DOC for Negroamaro is Salice Salentino DOC
Villages within Côte de Nuits
Gevrey-Chambertin
Vougeot
Vosne-Romanée
Nuits-Saint-Georges
Villages withing côte de Beaune
Aloxe-Corton Beaune Pommard Volnay Meursault Poligny-Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet
Village appellations Irvin the Côte Chalonnaise
Tully
Mercurey
Givry
Montagny
Villages within Mâcon making full-bodied Chardonnay
Pouilly-Fuissé
Saint-Véran
What a re the three regions of Central Vineyards in Loire producing high-quality Sauvignon Blanc?
Menetou-Salon
Pouilly-Fumé
Sancerre
Chenin Blanc producing regions within Loire?
Vouvray Saumur Anjou Savennières Coteaux du Latin
Cabernet Franc producing regions in Loire?
Chin
Bourgueil
Saumur-Champigny
