Randomised Test (Midterm I) [COMPLETE] Flashcards
Name: Cucurbita pepo / Marrow
Family: Cucurbitaceae / Gourd Family
Forage: Fleshy Forages
Nutritive Value: 90-95% Water, High in beta-carotene, 30% oil in seeds
Antinutritive Value: Cucurbitacins
Antinutritive Effect: Digestive problems, excess salivation, vomiting.
Name: Triticum aestivum / Common Bread Wheat
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: Low Protein (6-12%), High Starch
Antinutritive Value: Gluten, Arabinoxylan, Phytates
Antinutritive Effect:
Gluten - Abnormal immune response
Arabinoxylan - Gelling and sticky faeces
Phytates - Decrease food conversion rate
Name: Brassica oleracea confar. Acephala / Forage Kale
Family: Brassicaceae / Mustard Family
Forage: Fleshy Forages
Nutritive Value: 15-20% Protein, High Vitamin C
Antinutritive Value: Glucosinolates, SMCO, Nitrates
Antinutritive Effect:
Glucosinolates - suppress thyroid hormones
SMCO - Digestion dysfunction, liver and kidney damage
Nitrate Ions - Anoxia
Name: Vicia faba / Field [horse] bean
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: High in Vitamin B and E
Antinutritive Value: Seed Coat High in Tannins
Antinutritive Effect: Favism, Haemolytic Aneaemia, Damage to RBC Membrane
Name: Secale cereale / Rye
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: Lower Protein and Gluten content than wheat
Antinutritive Value: Secalin, Phytates, Host of Ergot Fungus
Antinutritive Effect:
Secalin - Abnormal immune response
Phytates - Decreased food conversion rate
Name: Onobrychis viciifolia / Sain Foin
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Forage Legumes
Nutritive Value: High Protein and Fibre
Antinutritive Value: Phytoestrogens in long term consumption
Antinutritive Effect: Bitter Milk, Decreased Fertility, Abortion
Name: Trifolium incarnatum / Crimson Clover
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Forage Legumes
Nutritive Value: High Quality Hay with 25% Protein content, High Fibre
Antinutritive Value: Phytoestrogens, Phytoporphyrins
Antinutritive Effect:
Phytoestrogens: Abortion, Decreased fertility, Bitter Milk
Phytoporphyrins: Photosensitisation and liver damage
Name: Brassica oleracea confar. Acephala / Forage Kale
Family: Brassicaceae / Mustard Family
Forage: Fleshy Forages
Nutritive Value: 15-20% Protein, High Vitamin C
Antinutritive Value: Glucosinolates, SMCO, Nitrates
Antinutritive Effect:
Glucosinolates - suppress thyroid hormones
SMCO - Digestion dysfunction, liver and kidney damage
Nitrate Ions - Anoxia
Name: Medicago sativa / Alfaalfa, Lucerne
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Forage Legumes
Nutritive Value: High Protein and Fibre
Antinutritive Value: Lucern Saponins and Proteins
Antinutritive Effect: Throthy Bloat
Name: Lupinus luteus / Yellow Lupine
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: High Protein (38-40%)
Antinutritive Value: Quinolysidine Alkaloids
Antinutritive Effect: Spasms, seizures, loss of coordination
Name: Linum usitatissimum / Flax
Family: Linaceae / Flax Family
Forage: Oil Plant
Nutritive Value: High Omega-3 / Omega-6
Antinutritive Value: Cyanogenic glycosides, Linatin
Antinutritive Effect:
Cyanogenic Glycosides: Releases Hydrogen Cyanide
Linatin: Antagonist of Vitamin B6
Name: Helianthus annus / Sun Flower
Family: Asteraceae / Daisy Family
Forage: Oil Plant
Nutritive Value: High Linoleic Acid
Antinutritive Value: Residue of Solvents in the Fruit
Antinutritive Effect: Fruit Wall Irritates the Mouth
Name: Sorghum bicolor / Grain Sorghum
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: Similar to barley, more energy and less protein
Antinutritive Value: Cyanogenic glycosides in young leafs and shoots
Antinutritive Effect: Cyanide poisoning in blood, death, pink mucous membranes
Name: Zea mays / Maize, Corn
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: High energy, High starch, Low protein, Carotenoids
Antinutritive Value: Nil
Antinutritive Effect: Nil
Name: Hordeum vulgare / Six Row Winter Barley
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: Low gluten, 11% protein, low lysine, high fibre (4-5%)
Antinutritive Value: Hordein, Phytates
Antinutritive Effect:
Hordein - Abnormal immune response
Phytates - Decreased food conversion rate
Name: Brassica napus / Oil Seed Rape
Family: Brassicaceae / Mustard Family
Forage: Oil Plant
Nutritive Value: Many Oleic Acids
Antinutritive Value: Glucosinolates, Erucic Acid (40-45%)
Antinutritive Effect:
Glucosinolates: Disrupts thyroid gland productivity
Erucic Acid:Growth depression. Kidney, liver and cardiac muscle damage.
Name: Claviceps purpurea / Ergot Fungus
Family: Clavicipitaceae
Forage: Fungus
Nutritive Value: Nil
Antinutritive Value: Ergotamine, Ergometrine, Ergoclavine
Antinutritive Effect: Gangrene, distal limbs fall off, swollen joints, poor circulation, death in high doses.
Name: Trifolium pratense / Red Clover
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Forage Legumes
Nutritive Value: High fibre and Protein
Antinutritive Value: Phytoestrogens, Phytoporphyrins
Antinutritive Effect:
Phytoestrogens: Abortion, Decreased fertility, Bitter Milk
Phytoporphyrins: Photosensitisation and liver damage
Name: Brassica napus / Oil Seed Rape
Family: Brassicaceae / Mustard Family
Forage: Oil Plant
Nutritive Value: Many Oleic Acids
Antinutritive Value: Glucosinolates, Erucic Acid (40-45%)
Antinutritive Effect:
Glucosinolates: Disrupts thyroid gland productivity
Erucic Acid:Growth depression. Kidney, liver and cardiac muscle damage.
Name: Secale cereale / Rye
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: Lower Protein and Gluten content than wheat
Antinutritive Value: Secalin, Phytates, Host of Ergot Fungus
Antinutritive Effect:
Secalin - Abnormal immune response
Phytates - Decreased food conversion rate
Name: Sorghum drummondii / Sudan Grass
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: Similar to corn, higher protein
Antinutritive Value: Cyanogenic glycosides in young leafs and shoots
Antinutritive Effect: Cyanide poisoning in blood, death, pink mucous membranes
Name: Triticum aestivum / Common Bread Wheat
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: Low Protein (6-12%), High Starch
Antinutritive Value: Gluten, Arabinoxylan, Phytates
Antinutritive Effect:
Gluten - Abnormal immune response
Arabinoxylan - Gelling and sticky faeces
Phytates - Decrease food conversion rate
Name: Hordeum vulgare / Six Row Winter Barley
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: Low gluten, 11% protein, low lysine, high fibre (4-5%)
Antinutritive Value: Hordein, Phytates
Antinutritive Effect:
Hordein - Abnormal immune response
Phytates - Decreased food conversion rate
Name: Lathyrus sativus / Grass Pea
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: Low Protein (20%), High Lysine
Antinutritive Value: Lathyrogenes (0.25%)
Antinutritive Effect: Spasms and Paralysis of Upper Limb Muscles
Name: Pisum sativum / Garden Pea
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: Protein (25%), less fibre and oil than Soybean
Antinutritive Value: Low level of Tannins in seed coat
Antinutritive Effect: Negligible
Name: Claviceps purpurea / Ergot Fungus
Family: Clavicipitaceae
Forage: Fungus
Nutritive Value: Nil
Antinutritive Value: Ergotamine, Ergometrine, Ergoclavine
Antinutritive Effect: Gangrene, distal limbs fall off, swollen joints, poor circulation, death in high doses.
Name: Trifolium pratense / Red Clover
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Forage Legumes
Nutritive Value: High fibre and Protein
Antinutritive Value: Phytoestrogens, Phytoporphyrins
Antinutritive Effect:
Phytoestrogens: Abortion, Decreased fertility, Bitter Milk
Phytoporphyrins: Photosensitisation and liver damage
Name: Linum usitatissimum / Flax
Family: Linaceae / Flax Family
Forage: Oil Plant
Nutritive Value: High Omega-3 / Omega-6
Antinutritive Value: Cyanogenic glycosides, Linatin
Antinutritive Effect:
Cyanogenic Glycosides: Releases Hydrogen Cyanide
Linatin: Antagonist of Vitamin B6
Name: Solanum tuberosum / Potato
Family: Solanaceae / Nightshades
Forage: Fleshy Forages
Nutritive Value: 15-17% Starch, 1-2% Protein, Vitamin A, B, C, K.
Antinutritive Value: Solanine and Chaconine (Reduced by storing tubers in the dark)
Antinutritive Effect: Vomiting, mucosal inflammation, paralysis
Name: Linum usitatissimum / Flax
Family: Linaceae / Flax Family
Forage: Oil Plant
Nutritive Value: High Omega-3 / Omega-6
Antinutritive Value: Cyanogenic glycosides, Linatin
Antinutritive Effect:
Cyanogenic Glycosides: Releases Hydrogen Cyanide
Linatin: Antagonist of Vitamin B6
Name: Onobrychis viciifolia / Sain Foin
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Forage Legumes
Nutritive Value: High Protein and Fibre
Antinutritive Value: Phytoestrogens in long term consumption
Antinutritive Effect: Bitter Milk, Decreased Fertility, Abortion
Name: Pisum sativum / Garden Pea
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: Protein (25%), less fibre and oil than Soybean
Antinutritive Value: Low level of Tannins in seed coat
Antinutritive Effect: Negligible
Name: Vicia faba / Field [horse] bean
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: High in Vitamin B and E
Antinutritive Value: Seed Coat High in Tannins
Antinutritive Effect: Favism, Haemolytic Aneaemia, Damage to RBC Membrane
Name: Solanum tuberosum / Potato
Family: Solanaceae / Nightshades
Forage: Fleshy Forages
Nutritive Value: 15-17% Starch, 1-2% Protein, Vitamin A, B, C, K.
Antinutritive Value: Solanine and Chaconine (Reduced by storing tubers in the dark)
Antinutritive Effect: Vomiting, mucosal inflammation, paralysis
Name: Glycine max / Soybean
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: High Protein (35%), similar to meat
Antinutritive Value: Allergenes, Protease inhibitors
Antinutritive Effect: Allergens dangerous to calves and young pigs
Name: Cucurbita pepo / Marrow
Family: Cucurbitaceae / Gourd Family
Forage: Fleshy Forages
Nutritive Value: 90-95% Water, High in beta-carotene, 30% oil in seeds
Antinutritive Value: Cucurbitacins
Antinutritive Effect: Digestive problems, excess salivation, vomiting.
Name: Beta vulgaris / Sugar Beet
Family: Amaranthaceae / Amarinths
Forage: Fleshy Forages
Nutritive Value: High in Saccharose (12-20%), High Lysine, High Vitamin E
Antinutritive Value: Nitrate and oxalate ions, Betadine
Antinutritive Effect: Lactic Acidosis (from high consumption)
Nitrate and Oxalate ions - Anoxia
Betadine - Milk rejected by calves
Name: Brassica napus / Oil Seed Rape
Family: Brassicaceae / Mustard Family
Forage: Oil Plant
Nutritive Value: Many Oleic Acids
Antinutritive Value: Glucosinolates, Erucic Acid (40-45%)
Antinutritive Effect:
Glucosinolates: Disrupts thyroid gland productivity
Erucic Acid:Growth depression. Kidney, liver and cardiac muscle damage.
Name: Brassica napus / Oil Seed Rape
Family: Brassicaceae / Mustard Family
Forage: Oil Plant
Nutritive Value: Many Oleic Acids
Antinutritive Value: Glucosinolates, Erucic Acid (40-45%)
Antinutritive Effect:
Glucosinolates: Disrupts thyroid gland productivity
Erucic Acid:Growth depression. Kidney, liver and cardiac muscle damage.
Name: Sorghum drummondii / Sudan Grass
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: Similar to corn, higher protein
Antinutritive Value: Cyanogenic glycosides in young leafs and shoots
Antinutritive Effect: Cyanide poisoning in blood, death, pink mucous membranes
Name: Helianthus annus / Sun Flower
Family: Asteraceae / Daisy Family
Forage: Oil Plant
Nutritive Value: High Linoleic Acid
Antinutritive Value: Residue of Solvents in the Fruit
Antinutritive Effect: Fruit Wall Irritates the Mouth
Name: Pisum sativum / Garden Pea
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: Protein (25%), less fibre and oil that Soybean
Antinutritive Value: Low level of Tannins in seed coat
Antinutritive Effect: Negligible
Name: Zea mays / Maize, Corn
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: High energy, High starch, Low protein, Carotenoids
Antinutritive Value: Nil
Antinutritive Effect: Nil
Name: Avena sativa / Oat
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: 10-12% Fibre, rich in essential fatty acids (5%)
Antinutritive Value: Arabinoxylan and Phytates
Antinutritive Effect:
Arabinoxylan - Gelling and sticky faeces
Phytates - Trypsin inhibitors, decrease food conversion rate
Name: Medicago sativa / Lucerne
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Forage Legumes
Nutritive Value: High Protein and Fibre
Antinutritive Value: Lucern Saponins and Proteins
Antinutritive Effect: Throthy Bloat
Name: Medicago sativa / Lucerne
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Forage Legumes
Nutritive Value: High Protein and Fibre
Antinutritive Value: Lucern Saponins and Proteins
Antinutritive Effect: Throthy Bloat
Name: Glycine max / Soybean
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: High Protein (35%), similar to meat
Antinutritive Value: Allergenes, Protease inhibitors
Antinutritive Effect: Allergens dangerous to calves and young pigs
Name: Avena sativa / Oat
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: 10-12% Fibre, rich in essential fatty acids (5%)
Antinutritive Value: Arabinoxylan and Phytates
Antinutritive Effect:
Arabinoxylan - Gelling and sticky faeces
Phytates - Trypsin inhibitors, decrease food conversion rate
Name: Lupinus albus / White Lupine
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: High Protein (38-40%)
Antinutritive Value: Quinolysidine Alkaloids
Antinutritive Effect: Spasms, seizures, loss of coordination
Name: Onobrychis viciifolia / Sain Foin
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Forage Legumes
Nutritive Value: High Protein and Fibre
Antinutritive Value: Phytoestrogens in long term consumption
Antinutritive Effect: Bitter Milk, Decreased Fertility, Abortion
Name: Solanum tuberosum / Potato
Family: Solanaceae / Nightshades
Forage: Fleshy Forages
Nutritive Value: 15-17% Starch, 1-2% Protein, Vitamin A, B, C, K.
Antinutritive Value: Solanine and Chaconine (Reduced by storing tubers in the dark)
Antinutritive Effect: Vomiting, mucosal inflammation, paralysis
Name: Sorghum bicolor / Grain Sorghum
Family: Poaceae / Grass Family
Forage: Cereal
Nutritive Value: Similar to barley, more energy and less protein
Antinutritive Value: Cyanogenic glycosides in young leafs and shoots
Antinutritive Effect: Cyanide poisoning in blood, death, pink mucous membranes
Name: Lupinus luteus / Yellow Lupine
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: High Protein (38-40%)
Antinutritive Value: Quinolysidine Alkaloids
Antinutritive Effect: Spasms, seizures, loss of coordination
Name: Lathyrus sativus / Grass Pea
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: Low Protein (20%), High Lysine
Antinutritive Value: Lathyrogenes (0.25%)
Antinutritive Effect: Spasms and Paralysis of Upper Limb Muscles
Name: Beta vulgaris / Sugar Beet
Family: Amaranthaceae / Amarinths
Forage: Fleshy Forages
Nutritive Value: High in Saccharose (12-20%), High Lysine, High Vitamin E
Antinutritive Value: Nitrate and oxalate ions, Betadine
Antinutritive Effect: Lactic Acidosis (from high consumption)
Nitrate and Oxalate ions - Anoxia
Betadine - Milk rejected by calves
Name: Lupinus albus / White Lupine
Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family
Forage: Pulse Crop
Nutritive Value: High Protein (38-40%)
Antinutritive Value: Quinolysidine Alkaloids
Antinutritive Effect: Spasms, seizures, loss of coordination
