Random vragen Flashcards
What do the following structures do in the eye?
1. the iris
2. the ciliary body
3. the choroid
- the iris transmits oxygen to the aqueous humor
- the ciliary body is responsible for the formation of aqueous humor and of hyaluronic acid
- the choroid supplies the outer retinal layers
the choroid is interposed between which structures of the eye?
between the retina and the sclera
With which membrane is the choroid separated from the retinal pigment epithelium?
the Bruchˋs membrane
Give the ocular findings correlated with albinism (3)
- diaphanous iris
- hypopigmentation of the fundus with visible choroidal vessels
- hypoplasia of the fovea
where is an iris coloboma typically located? Wich other anomalies are frequently found?
- inferiorly
- colobomas of the fundus
What happens anatomically with a coloboma of the choroid?
in this area the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium are missing
What can a coloboma of the choroid induce?
retinal detachment may develop from the margin of a fundus coloboma
What is aqueous flare?
a leakage of proteins and suspensions of cells of variable degree becaus of uveitis anterior
large keratic precipitates ˋmutton fat´are typical for what kind of inflammations?
typically occur in granulomatous inflammations (sarcoidosis)
Small fine keratic precipitates evenly spread over the corneal endothelium are characeristic for what kind of infections?
viral infections (e.g. cytomegalovirus)
- what are the clinical findings of a heterochromia iritis?
- What is the cause of a heterochromia iritis?
1 - lighter iris (Atrophie of the stroma)
- cataract
- unilateral
- no signs of inflammation or pain
- small keratic precipitates, star-shaped, and may have fine processes
- synechia are not found
2. a viral infection is suspected
Which kind of pathology can cause a hypopyon? (5)
- ulcers with perforation
- severe inflammations of the anterior segment
- endophtalmitis
- tumors
- leukemia
What happens anatomically with the ocular structures in a chorioretinal scar?
a complete atrophy of the retina and the choroid
What can be a complication of a chorioretinal scar in toxoplasmosis?
Recurrence of a toxoplasmosis infection of old scars
What is a characteristic feature of a recurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis?
the necrotizing retinitis at the margin of old scars
Which structures are affected with peripapillary serpiginous choroiditis?
How is the spreading in peripapillary serpiginous choroiditis?
What is the cause of it?
- the inner layers of the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium
- the inflammation spreads from the peripapillary regions to the periphery within months to years
- the cause is unkown
What are the signs of malignancy with the observation of a iris nevus?
- growth
- vascularisation
What are characteristics of a choroidal nevi?
- the flatness
- the unchanged overlying retina
- no change in form, no growth
- yellowish drusen
what can be the cause of a subretinal hemorrhage? (4)
- trauma
- surgery with abrupt lowering of the intraocular pressure
- systemic conditions with altered hemostasis
- choroidal neovascularizations
How are iristumors treated?
local resection is usually sufficient
What ar the common primary neoplasms of choroidal metastasis?
mostly breast and lung carcinoma
How can choroidal metastasis be differentiated clinically from primary malignant tumors of the choroid?
- faster growth
- are less elevated
- have a superficial yellowish hue
What are Lisch nodules and with which disease are they associated?
- slightly elevated irisnodules
- neurofibromatosis type 1
What kind of vascular disease shoud be examined with rubeosis iridis?
- Diabetes mellitus
- Carotid artery occlusive disease
What are angoid streaks?
dehischences in Bruchˋs membrane
Where in the fundus can you find angoid streaks?
the linear lesions can be foudn around the optic disc and in the mid-periphery
With which systemic disorders are angoid streaks associated?
- pseudoxanthoma elasticum
- Ehlers-Danlos sydrome
What is a frequent complication of angioid streaks?
choroidal neovascularization
With which ocular conditions is congenital aniridia mostly associated? (2)
- Nystagmus
- Amblyopia
With which ocular condition is circular ectropion uveae at the pupillary margin associated?
With dysgenesis of the filtration angle and primary glaucoma
Name the different stages of the hydrodynamics of the aqueous humor
- Production: in the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber
- it flows around the lens and through the pupil in the anterior chamber
- it flows downwards along the cornea endothelium
- it rises in proximity to the warmer iris
- it leaves the eye throug the trabecular meshwork, Schlemmˋs canal collector channels, episcleral veins
Name the different structures you can see in an open angle with Gonioskopy
- Schwalbeˋs line
- the position of the Schlemm ˋs canal (darkly pigmented band)
- the scleral spur (the white band)
- the ciliary body band
When is the anterior chamber angle determined wide and open?
if the structures in between Schwalbeˋs line (anterior limitation of the outflow structures) and the scleral spur (posterior limitation of the outflow structures) are visisble for the most part of the circumference upon gonioskopy
Name 3 characteristic glaucomatous nerve fiber defects
- the inferior pole of the optic disc is particulary vulnerable
1a. if only the superficial nerve fiber layer is damaged -> a nasal peripheral scotoma results
1b. an impairment of the deeper portions of the nerve fiber layer -> an arcuate scotoma results
1c. with damage to the entire thickness of the nerve fiber layer at the inferior pole of the optic disc -> an arcuate scotoma extending to the periphery results
