RANDOM VARIABLES AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Question 1

is any information, characteristics, number or quantity that describes a person, place, thing or idea that can be counted.

Answer 1

Variable

Question 2

Variables can either be..

Answer 2

Qualitative or quantitative

Question 3

Quantitative variables can be..

Answer 3

Discrete or continuous

Question 4

the value is dependent to the outcome of a well-defined random event or experiment (such as throwing a pair of dice).

Answer 4

Random Variable

Question 5

represents the number of distinct values that can be counted in an event.

Answer 5

Discrete Variable

Question 6

What kind of quantitative variable is the following?

Number of students in a class, Number of chairs inside the room, No. of patients in the hospital.

Answer 6

Discrete Variable

Question 7

a quantitative variable that can assume an infinitely many, uncountable no. of real number values.

Answer 7

Continuous Variable

Question 8

What type of quanti variable are the following?
** The speed of a car, The amount of sugar in a cup of tea.
Sample space- is the set of all possible outcomes in an experiment.**

Answer 8

Continuous

Question 9

are values that are obtained from functions that
assign a real number to each point of a sample space.

Answer 9

Possible Values of a Random Variable

Question 10

is a function P(X) that shows the relative probability
that each outcome of an experiment will happen.

Answer 10

Probability Distribution Function

Question 11

is a probability distribution function of a discrete random
variable. It assigns a probability value to each sample point.

Answer 11

Probability Mass Function

Question 12

is a table of values that shows the probability of any of
the outcomes of an experiment

Answer 12

Discrete Probability Distribution

Question 13

is the equivalent value of a raw score expressed in terms of the mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of the distribution. It measures the distance of an particular raw score (x) from the mean in standard deviation units.

Answer 13

Standard core - z score

Question 14

is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a give percentage of observations in a group of observations fall.

Answer 14

Percentile

Question 15

a give percentage of observations in a group of observations fall.
z-score- is an essential component in standard normal distribution.

Answer 15

Percentile

Question 16

2 types of random variables

Answer 16

Discrete and Continuous

Question 17

refers to the entire group that is under study or investigation.

Answer 17

Population

Question 18

a subset taken form a population, either by random or nonrandom sampling techniques.

Answer 18

Sample

Question 19

the process of selecting a few (a sample) from a bigger group (the sampling population) to become the basis for estimating or predicting a fact, situation, or outcome regarding the bigger group.

Answer 19

Sampling

Question 20

2 Types of Sampling Tehcniques

Answer 20

Probabilistic and non-probabilistic

Question 21

depends on chance and likelihood. This implies that all members of the population have equal chances of being chosen to be part of the sample.

Answer 21

Probabilistic

Question 22

4 types of probabilistic sampling technique

Answer 22

random, stratified-random, systematic, and cluster

Question 23

defined as a sampling technique in which the researcher selects samples based on the subjective judgment of the researcher rather than random selection.

Answer 23

Non probabilistic

Question 24

5 types of non-probabilistic sampling

Answer 24

convenience, consecutive, quota, judgmental, and snowball sampling.

Question 25

subjects are selected by random or lottery. Each member of the population has an equally likely chance of being selected.

Answer 25

Random sample

Question 26

subjects are selected by random numbers or using the nth number after the first subject is randomly selected from 1 to n.

Answer 26

Systematic Sample

Question 27

the population is divided into subgroups, so that each population member is in only one subgroup. Here, individuals are chosen randomly from each subgroup.

Answer 27

Stratified - Random Cycle

Question 28

subjects are selected by using intact groups (cluster) such as a neighborhood or a household that is representative of the population. This is used for large school districts or large geographical areas.

Answer 28

Cluster Sample

Question 29

researchers look for a specific characteristic in their respondents, and then take a tailored sample that is in proportion to a population of interest.

Answer 29

Quota Sampling

Question 30

also called purposive sampling or authoritative sampling is a technique in which the sample members are chosen only on the basis of the researcher’s knowledge and judgment.

Answer 30

Judgement Sampling

Question 31

referral sampling is a technique in which the samples have traits that are rare to find. This is a sampling technique, in which existing subjects provide referrals to recruit samples required for a research study.

Answer 31

snowBall sampling or change

Question 32

is a number which describes a sample. It can be directly computed and observed. An example of a statistic is the sample mean, which serve as an estimator for the population mean.

Answer 32

Statistic

Question 33

is a descriptive measure of a population. While a statistic can be directly computed and observed, the value of a parameter can be approximated and is not necessarily equal to the statistic of a sample.

Answer 33

Parameter

Question 34

is the probability when all possible samples of size n are repeatedly drawn from a population.

Answer 34

Sampling distribution