Random Urology Flashcards
What is Fournier’s gangrene?
Necrotising fasciitis affecting the perineum
–> urological emergency (high mortality)
What are the clinical features of Fournier’s gangrene?
Severe pain out of proportion to clinical signs
Pyrexia
Crepitus, skin necrosis + haemorrhage bullae
Rapid deterioration –> septic shock
How is Fournier’s gangrene managed?
Urgent surgical debridement
- usually includes partial or total orchiectomy
Broad spectrum antibiotics
What is paraphimosis?
Inability to pull forward a retracted foreskin
- -> oedema of the glans
- -> penile ischaemia + worsening infection
Urological emergency
How is paraphimosis managed?
Reduce foreskin ASAP with suitable analgesia
Consideration for circumcision as definitive management
What is priapism?
Unwanted painful erection lasting > 4 hours
Not associated with sexual desire
Can lead to ischaemia –> urological emergency
How is priapism managed?
Corporeal aspiration
What is the most common type of penile cancer and what is it associated with?
Squamous cell
- associated with HPV
What are the features of penile cancer?
Palpable or ulcerating lesion on the penis
Typically painless
May discharge or be prone to bleeding
Inguinal lymphadenopathy
How is penile cancer managed?
Often combination or surgery, RT and chemo
Superficial non-invasive disease can be managed with topical agents e.g. imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil
What is a penile fracture?
Traumatic rupture of corpus cavernosa + tunica albuginea in an erect penis
–> rare urological emergency
What are the clinical features of a penile fracture?
History of injury, usually during sex
Popping sensation or hearing ‘snap’ –> immediate pain + swelling
Discolouration due to haematoma –> ‘aubergine sign’
How is a penile fracture managed?
Analgesia + anti-emetics
Urgent surgical exploration + repair
