Random things

Question 1

Charles Bonnet syndrome

Answer 1

lady in psychiatry who lost her sight due to giant cell arthritis –> Charles bonnet syndrome

when visual hallucinations(that the patient is aware arent real) appear in people who are losing their sight due to their brains adjustment to decreased vision

Question 2

Giant cell arthritis

Answer 2

–> loss of vision

temporal headache, often those with polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 3

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 3

characterized by large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst

SIADH is the opposite – increased ADH means decreased water out (concentrated urine)

Question 4

how can you tell the difference between diabetes insipidus and diabetes?

Answer 4

check serum and urine osmolarity
in diabetes they are both high, in diabetes insipidus too much water out (urine high) but you’re just diluting everything out by drinking so much

Question 5

what to percribe with warfarin

Answer 5

LMWH to start with as paradoxical increase in clotting when warfarin is first started

Question 6

low albumin (2)

Answer 6

• severe inflammation or shock (albumin goes to make white blood cells) NB: CRP might also be high
• OR body is not absorbing protein (Crohn’s disease) OR in which large volumes of protein are lost from the intestine OR malnutrition/ alcoholic or something
  (but total protein would also be low)

Question 7

Anterograde amnesia vs retrograde amnesia

Answer 7

decreased ability to retain new information vs unable to recall events that occurred before the development of the amnesia

Question 8

raised troponin (5)

Answer 8

indicates the presence of myocardial injury which can occur in a range of situations

• MI
• acute pulmonary embolis
• heart failure
• myocarditis
• and end stage renal disease

but also

• infections
• severe GI bleed
• hypothyoidism
• iabetes
• rhabaomyolosis
• excessive skin burns
• endurance exercise etc

Question 9

Hypokalaemia changes on ECG

Answer 9

U - U waves
No Pot - No potassium
No T - no T waves
Long PR - long PR interval
Long QT - long QT interval