Random Stuff

Question 1

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 1

CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What does the brain include?

Answer 2

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Deep brain structures
Brainstem

Question 3

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

PNS is composed of all nervous system structures outside of the CNS that connect the CNS to the body

Question 4

PNS innervation?

Answer 4

PNS provides innervation to the skin, muscles, and organs of the body through its somatic and autonomic subdivisions

Question 5

What are ganglia?

Answer 5

Ganglia are collections of neurons (cell bodies and processes) with a common function.

Question 6

What are cranial nerves?

Answer 6

Nerves that emerge from the brain stem

Question 7

Gray matter

Answer 7

designates area in the CNS consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies (and dendrites) which are clustered in various arrays.

Question 8

nuclei

Answer 8

this term does not refer to the nucleus of a cell, but rather to specific regions of gray matter where groups of neuron cell bodies are often fxnally related

Question 9

white matter

Answer 9

in the cerebrum, it is deep to the cortical gray matter. contains many myelinated axons which transmit information from one location to another.

Question 10

cortex

Answer 10

layered surface that covers some par of the CNS (i.e. the external mantle of the cerebellum or cerebrum

Question 11

gyri/bumps (cerebral cortex)

folia (cerebellum)

Answer 11

accommodate the increases in the surface of the cerebral cortex

Question 12

pathways and tracts

Answer 12

myelinated axons that generally have long trajectories

Question 13

tracts

Answer 13

individual segment of a pathway that arises from a cell body in one location and terminates on a target in another location

Question 14

structures containing tracts and fiber bundles in the CNS white matter are referred to as…

Answer 14

fasciculi (little bundles)
funiculi (strings)
peduncles (little feet), lemnisci (ribbons)
columns, or projections.

Question 15

decussations

Answer 15

axon bundles that cross midline going from a location on one side to a different location on the contralateral side.

Question 16

commissures

Answer 16

axon bundles that cross midline but connect comparable locations.

Question 17

modality

Answer 17

the type of information being conveyed along a pathway.

referes to sensory pathways that show sensitivity to a particular stimulus based on the associated neuronal receptors

Question 18

peripheral nerves

Answer 18

collections of axons, bounden up in connective tissue sheaths, which course to or from areas such as skin, muscle, glands or viscera

Question 19

sagittal plane

Answer 19

This plane divides the brain into symmetrical halves. Parasagittal
planes are parallel to the sagittal plane.

Question 20

frontal or coronal plane

Answer 20

Perpendicular to the sagittal plane and parallel to the long axis of the body (e.g. a vertical plane passing through both ears)

Question 21

Horizontal, Transverse, Axial

Answer 21

Perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes and perpendicular to the long axis of the body.

Question 22

reason that terms such as anterior, dorsal and rostral change their meaning…

Answer 22

change in terminology related to embryologic development of the nervous system.
there is an approximately 80 degree bend between the long axis of the spinal cord and brainstem and the long axis of the cerebrum.

Question 23

CT (CAT) Scans (computerized axial tomography):

Answer 23

data acquisition and views are “axial” - i.e. transverse to rostral-caudal axis of spine

Question 24

MRI Scans (magnetic resonance imaging modes)

Answer 24

3D data arrays can reconstruct views in any plane or permit 3D modeling.

Question 25

standard cerebral MRI views

Answer 25

coronal/frontal
horizontal
saggital

Question 26

standard brainstem and spinal cord MRI views

Answer 26

transverse/axial views

longitudinal (sagital or frontal views)

Question 27

corpus callosum

Answer 27

interconnects two hemispheres by interhemispheric 
commissural fibers (axons)

Question 28

four major lobes

Answer 28

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal. there is a fifth insular lobe buried deep to the lateral fissure.

Question 29

central sulcus

Answer 29

separate frontal and parietal lobe