Random study questions Flashcards
two dominant manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis
proteinuria and hematuria w/ RBC casts
immune complex disorders
hereditary disorders
Manifestations of acute tubular necrosis
decreased urine flow
inability to concentrate urine
reduces blood supply to renal tubules
Three manifestations of nephrotic syndrome
proteinuria
hypoproteinemia
edema
common causes of urinary obstruction
congenital malformations
stricture from infection; stones
tumors
insertion of sterile catheter through urethra into bladder
anytime collection
used on elderly, immobile, unconscious
catheterization
puncture of ab wall and distended bladder using needle syrine
when pt cannot pass urine
suprapubic aspiration
urine peservative that can give fals positive result for albumin in turbidity test
thymol
best urine preservative for bacteria
refrigeration
best urine preservative for cellular elements
formalin
Reactionson multistix which time is not critical. total time to read reactions
pH and protein
2 min
List whats performed on chemical exam of urine
pH glucose bilirubin ketones blood leukocytes SG Urobilinogen nitrite protein
blue green urine
infection
dyes
drugs
orange urine
drugs; warfarin
foods; carotone
pink urine
blood
inherited disorder
red urine
blood
food
drugs
brown urine
blood
drugs
bilirubin
brown black urine
inherited
melanin
homogenistic acid
causes of hazy urine
rbc
increase wbc
amorphous
causes of cloudy urine
crystals
fat
squamous
microbes
causes of turbid urine
mucus pus semen radiographic media contaminants; feces, powder, talc, etc
cause of large amounts of white or yellow foam
high protein, albumin
high bilirubin
pungnent, fetid smell of urine
UTI
sweet smell
increase ketone production diabetes starving vomiting strenuous exercise
mousy smell
phenylketonuria
maple syrup
urine disease
rancid
tyrosinemia
SG of normal urine
1.002-1.030
substances that may be present in high SG
protein
glucose
radiographic dye
expresses amount of solutes present which contribute equally no matter the molecular weight
osmolality
compares velocity or angle of refraction of light in a solution to that of light in the air
refractive index
Two constituents that contribute most to SG
sodium chloride and urea
normal volume of urine secreted in an adult over 24hr
600-1800 ml
<400 ml at night
average 1200-1500 ml
correlate urine color to concentration
darker the color the higher the concentration
