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E.M.T Course > random quizzes chap 5-6 > Flashcards

random quizzes chap 5-6 Flashcards

1
Q

A 5 year old boy has fallen and a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist he has possibly sustained a fracture of the

A

distal forarm

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2
Q

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

A

heat

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3
Q

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:

A

distal humerus fracture

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4
Q

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The “130” represents:

A

ventricular contractions

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5
Q

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

A

bilateral

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6
Q

A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the _______ position:

A

fowlers

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7
Q

A person’s bones would become brittle if he or she was deficient in:

A

calcium

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8
Q

A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?

A

plantar

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9
Q

Abnormalities in metabolism are most likely caused by dysfunction of the

A

pancreas

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10
Q

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the:

A

somatic nervous system

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11
Q

All necessary life functions are coordinated in what part of the brain

A

brain stem

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12
Q

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of

A

beta-1 receptors

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13
Q

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body’s position?

A

prone

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14
Q

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

A

patelle

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15
Q

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

A

alveoli

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16
Q

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed

A

100 beats/min

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17
Q

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

A

gallbladder

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18
Q

Both areas of the pons are used to:

A

augmet respiration’s during emotional or physical stress

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19
Q

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

A

increase in carbon dioxide which decreases the ph of the CSF

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20
Q

Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because

A

waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells

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21
Q

Cardiac output(CO) is affected by:

A

stroke volume and heart rateq

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22
Q

Contraction of the right ventricle causes

A

blood flow into the pulmonary circulation

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23
Q

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

A

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange

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24
Q

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

A

inferior vena cava

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25
Q

During each heartbeat, _______ of blood is ejected from the adult heart. This is called stroke volume (SV)

A

70 to 80 ml

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26
Q

Each pelvic bone is formed by the fusion of the:

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

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27
Q

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ______ and carries oxygen.

A

erythrocytes

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28
Q

What is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route?

A

Intravenous

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29
Q

With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to ___% oxygen.

A

44

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30
Q

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? a) Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream b) Glucose is usually administered by the EMT-B via the intravenous route c) Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic d) Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream

A

Glucose is a simple suge

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31
Q

How does respiration differ from ventilation

A

respiration is the process of gas exchange whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the enviorment

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32
Q

If an average-sized patient’s chest barely moves during inhalation, even if his or her respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

A

minute volume is decreased

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33
Q

In relation to the chest, the back is:

A

posterior

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34
Q

In relation to the wrist, the elbow is

A

priximal

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35
Q

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

A

epinephrine norepinephrine

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36
Q

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is generated when

A

the cells function with adequate oxygen

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37
Q

Movement or motion away from the body’s midline is called:

A

abduction

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38
Q

Negative pressure breathing involves:

A

a drop of pressure with in the chest cavity

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39
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

A

diffusion

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40
Q

Pathophysiologyis the study of the functional change that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

A

disease

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41
Q

Relative to the adult’s airway, the child’s

A

pharynx

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42
Q

Relative to the kidneys, the liver is

A

unilateral

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43
Q

name the areas of the spinal column in descending order

A

cervical, thoracic lumbar, sacal, coccyx

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44
Q

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, except:

A

a reduction in tidal volume

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45
Q

Skeletal muscle is also called

A

voluntary muscles

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46
Q

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors result in

A

constriction of the blood vessels

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47
Q

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:

A

slow heart rate

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48
Q

The air you breathe is ____ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _____ oxygen.

A

21% 16%

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49
Q

The amount of air that remain is the lungs simply to keep them open is called:

A

residual volume

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50
Q

The airway that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

A

dorsalis pedis

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51
Q

The atlas is the

A

first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull

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52
Q

The automatic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except:

A

breath holding`

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53
Q

The average adult has approximately _______of blood in his or her body.

A

6L

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54
Q

The axial skeleton is composed of the

A

skull face thorax and vertebral column

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55
Q

The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called:

A

hypoxic drive

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56
Q

The bones of the forearm are called the

A

radius and alna

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57
Q

The bones that comprise the fingers and toes are called:

A

phalanges

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58
Q

The bony prominence on the lateral/ superior aspect of the thigh is called the

A

greater trochanter

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59
Q

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

A

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

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60
Q

The carpal bones form the

A

wrist

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61
Q

The central nervous system is composed of the:

A

brain and spinal column

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62
Q

The cervical spine is composed of ____ vertebrea

A

7

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63
Q

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ current needs called:

A

perfusion

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64
Q

The connecting nerve, a nerve of the peripheral nervous system, functions by:

A

connection the sensory and motor nerves and by passing the brain

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65
Q

The descending aorta branches into the:

A

common illiac arteries

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66
Q

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

A

inhalation

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67
Q

The diaphragm is a unique muscle because it:

A

is both a voluntary and involuntary muscle

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68
Q

The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:

A

medial malleolus

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69
Q

The dorsal respiratory group(DRG) is a part of the brain stem and is responsible for:

A

initiating inspiration

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70
Q

The elbow is an example of a ____joint

A

hinge

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71
Q

The electrical of the heart normally begins at the:

A

sinoatrial node

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72
Q

The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:

A

capillaries

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73
Q

The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:

A

pancreatic juice

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74
Q

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

A

acetabulum

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75
Q

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:

A

cricoid cartilage

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76
Q

The heart muscle is called the

A

myocardium

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77
Q

The Hering-Breuer reflex is stimulated when:

A

stretch receptors in the chest wall detect the the lungs are too full

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78
Q

The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:

A

xiphoid process

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79
Q

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitonel organs because they:

A

are located behind th abdominal cavit

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80
Q

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

A

scapula

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81
Q

The largest portion of the brain, which is commonly referred to as the “gray matter,” is called the:

A

cerebrum

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82
Q

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called:

A

epiglottis

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83
Q

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

A

pulmonary veins

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84
Q

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

A

aorta

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85
Q

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

A

coccyx

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86
Q

The most superior portion of the sternum is called the:

A

manubrium

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87
Q

The nose, chin, umbilicus(navel), and spine are examples of ______ anatomic structures.

A

midline

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88
Q

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

A

right side cerebrum

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89
Q

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:

A

diastole

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90
Q

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

A

receive blood from the vena cava

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91
Q

The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:

A

small intestine

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92
Q

The supporting bone of the arm is the

A

humerus

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93
Q

The topographic term used to describe the location of the body parts are closer toward the midline or center of the body is:

A

medial

94
Q

The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:

A

inferior

95
Q

The vocal cords are located in the

A

larynx

96
Q

The wastes products of aerobic metabolism include:

A

carbon dioxide and water

97
Q

The_____fills the entire anteroposterier depth of the right upper quadrant(RUQ) of the abdomen.

A

liver

98
Q

The _____ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

A

orbit

99
Q

The ______ of the heart is the inferior portion of the left ventricles.

A

apex

100
Q

The _____plane separates the body into left and right halves.

A

midsagittal

101
Q

The _____ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

A

sacrum

102
Q

The _____ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

A

diaphragm

103
Q

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

A

five

104
Q

Trauma to the _____lobe of the brain wold likely result in visual disturbances.

A

occipital

105
Q

Trendelenburg’s position is most accurately defined as a:

A

supine position legs elevated 6 to 12 inches higher then the body

106
Q

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to what section of the spinal column?

A

thoracic

107
Q

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

A

ureters

108
Q

What function does the pneumotaxic center serve?

A

inhibits the DRG resulting in shorter, faster respiration’s

109
Q

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

A

the arteries contract to increase blood pressure

110
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

A

transport a mature egg to the urterus

111
Q

What is the main function of platelets?

A

initial formation of blood clots

112
Q

What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?

A

5600

Tidal Vol - Dead space * R.R

113
Q

What layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?

A

subcutaneous

114
Q

What set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?

A

sensory

115
Q

What three bones make up the shoulder girdle?

A

clavicle, scapula, humorus

116
Q

Which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word “dorsal”?

A

posterior

117
Q

Which of the following are central pulses?

A

femoral and cartiod

118
Q

Which of the following arteries does not carry highly oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary

119
Q

Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?

A

pituitary

120
Q

Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?

A

warms and humidifies inhaled air

121
Q

Is respiration of 20 breaths per min adequate breathing in adults

A

yes

122
Q

is a mastoid a facial bone

A

no mastoid is a bony mass

123
Q

is a metabolic coordination a function of the skin

A

no

124
Q

Is the kidney part of the digestive system

A

no

125
Q

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitonel space?

A

kidneys certain large vessels and parts of the gastrointestinal track

126
Q

What is seesaw respirations unique to

A

infants and children

127
Q

Which is the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?

A

dermis

128
Q

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct

A

agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted

129
Q

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?

A

anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular is limited

130
Q

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system conrol of the cardiovascular system is correct?

A

baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure

131
Q

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?

A

plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients

132
Q

Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct?

A

a person had no voluntary control over smooth muscle

133
Q

is the heart under control of the autonomic nervous system

A

yes

134
Q

Do the kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control its balance of water and salt

A

yes

135
Q

What is the medulla oblongata sensitive to

A

the medulla is sensititve to ph changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphram

136
Q

Does the skeletal system contain smooth muscle

A

no

137
Q

What system is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities

A

endorcrine

138
Q

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant(LUQ) of the abdomen?

A

spleen

139
Q

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movement such as writing or sewing?

A

cerebellum

140
Q

White blood cells are also called leukocytes and function by:

A

Protecting the body from infection

141
Q

Worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the

A

spleen

142
Q

Your ability to remain awake is a function of the:

A

reticular activating system

143
Q

_____ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid and occurs when blood is moved through the artery at relatively high pressure

A

hydrostatic

144
Q

Persons who are 19-40 years of age

A

Early adults

145
Q

An infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked

A

sucking reflex

146
Q

A bond between an infant and his/her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that his/her parents or caregivers will be responsive to his/her needs and take care of him/her when he or she needs help

A

secure attachment

147
Q

A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience

A

post conventional reason

148
Q

Persons who are from 1 month to 1 year of age

A

infants

149
Q

A person who is 6 to 12 years of age

A

school age child

150
Q

a disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow

A

atherosclerosis

151
Q

An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant’s cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.

A

rooting reflex

152
Q

formation of a close, personal relationship

A

bonding

153
Q

An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his/her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things

A

moro reflex

154
Q

Areas where the infant’s skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age.

A

fontanelles

155
Q

Persons who are 41-60 years of age

A

middle adults

156
Q

Injury resulting from pressure disequilibrium across body surfaces; for example, from too much pressure in the lungs.

A

barotrauma

157
Q

a type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society

A

conventional reasoning

158
Q

Persons who are 12 to 19 years of age

A

adolescents

159
Q

Persons who are 61 years old or older

A

late adults

160
Q

average amount of years a person can be expected to live

A

life expectancy

161
Q

persons who are birth to 1 month of age

A

neoate

162
Q

A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.

A

anxious-avoidant attachment

163
Q

Persons who are 1 to 3 years of age

A

toddlers

164
Q

basic filtering units in the kidneys

A

nephrons

165
Q

an infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant’s palm; the infant grasps the object

A

palmar grasp

166
Q

Persons who are 3 to 6 years of age

A

preschoolers

167
Q

A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment to get what he or she wants

A

preconventional reasoning

168
Q

The theory that a person’s mental function declines in the last 5 years of life.

A

terminal drop hypothesis

169
Q

A phrase that refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents or caregivers if their world is planned organized, and routine.

A

trust mistrust

170
Q

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:

A

increases which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli

171
Q

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?

A

An infants toung is proportionately larder than an adults

172
Q

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:

A

70 to 120 bpm

173
Q

An infant or small child’s airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

A

the occiput is proportionately large ant the trachea is flexible

174
Q

Infants are often referred to as “belly breathers” because:

A

thier rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally

175
Q

Is an infants body temperature typically higher than a preschoolers

A

yes

176
Q

At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years.

A

78/120

177
Q

What is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?

A

Secondary sexual development

178
Q

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

A

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times

179
Q

Describe the moro reflex

A

The neonate opens his or her arms wide spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled

180
Q

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:

A

responds to her name but is fearful of your presence

181
Q

What are noticeable characteristics of a 9 month old infant

A

places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

182
Q

According to the terminal drop hypothesis:

A

mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death

183
Q

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?

A

Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

184
Q

Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

A

age related changes in the nervous system

185
Q

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?

A

Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

186
Q

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

A

9 and 18 month

187
Q

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:

A

elasticity of the lungs decreases

188
Q

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

A

INQUIRE ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF PREGNANCY IN PRIVATE IF POSSIBLE

189
Q

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

A

10 to 18 mo

190
Q

When assessing an 80-year old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:

A

age- related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion

191
Q

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

A

increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain

192
Q

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

A

19 and 25 years

193
Q

In preconventional reasoning, children:

A

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want

194
Q

Is increased surface area available for air exchange a contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of and elderly patient

A

no

195
Q

When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that

A

age- related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears

196
Q

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

A

middle age adults

197
Q

An infant’s blood pressure typically increases with age because:

A

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight

198
Q

What is the normal pulse rate of a neonate?

A

90-180 bpm

199
Q

Clingy behavior and fear of unfamiliar places and people, which usually occurs between ages 10 and 18 months, is called…

A

separation anxiety

200
Q

Basic language is usually mastered by what age?

A

36 mo

201
Q

Children begin to develop their self-concept and self-esteem during what period of growth?

A

school age

202
Q

what age group is considered a toddler

A

1-3 years

203
Q

What age group is most fixated on public image and terrified of being embarressed

A

12-18

204
Q

THe human body should be functioning at its optimal level in what age group?

A

19-40

205
Q

Increasing cholesterol levels and decreased efficiency of the heart begins to become a concern for which age group?

A

41-60 years

206
Q

name the facts regarding respiratory system of older adults

A

A)The size of the airway increases.
B) The elasticity of the lungs decreases.
C) The strength of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm decreases.

207
Q

Statistically, what percentage of the elderly live at home?

A

.95

208
Q

Normal pulse

A

60-100

209
Q

normal respirations

A

12-20

210
Q

normal systolic blood pressure by age

A

12-18 years 90-110 19-60 years 90-140

211
Q

Normal temp

A

98.6

212
Q

rooting reflex

A

infant reflex that occurs when something touches their cheek and the infant turns his or her head toward the touch

213
Q

Infant mile stones 2 mo

A

recognize familair faces track objects with eyes

214
Q

Infant mile stone 3 mo

A

bring objects to mouth smile and frown

215
Q

Infant mile stone 4 mo

A

reaches out to people drools

216
Q

infant miles stone 5 mo

A

sleeps through night can tell family from strangers

217
Q

infant mile stone 6 mo

A

Teething begins sits upright in a chair one syllable words spoken

218
Q

infant mile stones 7 mo

A

afraid of strangers mood swings

219
Q

Infant mile stones 8 mo

A

responds to no can sit alone plays peek a boo

220
Q

infant miles stones 9 mo

A

pulls self up places object in mouth to explore them

221
Q

Infant miles stone 10 month re

A

responds to name crawls

222
Q

Infant mile stone 11 month

A

starts to walk frustrated with restrictions

223
Q

Infant mile stone 12 mo

A

knows name can walk

224
Q

Age-related changes in the renal system result in

A

a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed

225
Q

In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child

A

shows little emotional response to parent or caregiver following repeated rejection

226
Q

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to

A

shrinkage of the brain

227
Q

Infants are often referred to as “belly breathers” because:

A

Infants are often referred to as “belly breathers” because: their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally

228
Q

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that

A

his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to in crease cardiac output

229
Q

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to

A

atheroscerosis

230
Q

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?

A

they are preparing for retirement but still must meet every day demands of of financial concern

231
Q

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30 year old is

A

90 mm hg

E.M.T Course (7 decks)

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