random quizzes chap 5-6 Flashcards
A 5 year old boy has fallen and a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist he has possibly sustained a fracture of the
distal forarm
A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:
heat
A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:
distal humerus fracture
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The “130” represents:
ventricular contractions
A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:
bilateral
A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the _______ position:
fowlers
A person’s bones would become brittle if he or she was deficient in:
calcium
A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?
plantar
Abnormalities in metabolism are most likely caused by dysfunction of the
pancreas
Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the:
somatic nervous system
All necessary life functions are coordinated in what part of the brain
brain stem
An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of
beta-1 receptors
An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body’s position?
prone
Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:
patelle
As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:
alveoli
At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed
100 beats/min
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:
gallbladder
Both areas of the pons are used to:
augmet respiration’s during emotional or physical stress
Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):
increase in carbon dioxide which decreases the ph of the CSF
Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because
waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells
Cardiac output(CO) is affected by:
stroke volume and heart rateq
Contraction of the right ventricle causes
blood flow into the pulmonary circulation
Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:
contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange
Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:
inferior vena cava
During each heartbeat, _______ of blood is ejected from the adult heart. This is called stroke volume (SV)
70 to 80 ml
Each pelvic bone is formed by the fusion of the:
ilium, ischium, and pubis
Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ______ and carries oxygen.
erythrocytes
What is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route?
Intravenous
With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to ___% oxygen.
44
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? a) Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream b) Glucose is usually administered by the EMT-B via the intravenous route c) Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic d) Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream
Glucose is a simple suge
How does respiration differ from ventilation
respiration is the process of gas exchange whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the enviorment
If an average-sized patient’s chest barely moves during inhalation, even if his or her respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:
minute volume is decreased
In relation to the chest, the back is:
posterior
In relation to the wrist, the elbow is
priximal
Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:
epinephrine norepinephrine
Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is generated when
the cells function with adequate oxygen
Movement or motion away from the body’s midline is called:
abduction
Negative pressure breathing involves:
a drop of pressure with in the chest cavity
Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:
diffusion
Pathophysiologyis the study of the functional change that occur when the body reacts to a particular:
disease
Relative to the adult’s airway, the child’s
pharynx
Relative to the kidneys, the liver is
unilateral
name the areas of the spinal column in descending order
cervical, thoracic lumbar, sacal, coccyx
Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, except:
a reduction in tidal volume
Skeletal muscle is also called
voluntary muscles
Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors result in
constriction of the blood vessels
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:
slow heart rate
The air you breathe is ____ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _____ oxygen.
21% 16%
The amount of air that remain is the lungs simply to keep them open is called:
residual volume
The airway that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:
dorsalis pedis
The atlas is the
first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull
The automatic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except:
breath holding`
The average adult has approximately _______of blood in his or her body.
6L
The axial skeleton is composed of the
skull face thorax and vertebral column
The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called:
hypoxic drive
The bones of the forearm are called the
radius and alna
The bones that comprise the fingers and toes are called:
phalanges
The bony prominence on the lateral/ superior aspect of the thigh is called the
greater trochanter
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
The carpal bones form the
wrist
The central nervous system is composed of the:
brain and spinal column
The cervical spine is composed of ____ vertebrea
7
The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ current needs called:
perfusion
The connecting nerve, a nerve of the peripheral nervous system, functions by:
connection the sensory and motor nerves and by passing the brain
The descending aorta branches into the:
common illiac arteries
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:
inhalation
The diaphragm is a unique muscle because it:
is both a voluntary and involuntary muscle
The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:
medial malleolus
The dorsal respiratory group(DRG) is a part of the brain stem and is responsible for:
initiating inspiration
The elbow is an example of a ____joint
hinge
The electrical of the heart normally begins at the:
sinoatrial node
The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:
capillaries
The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:
pancreatic juice
The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:
acetabulum
The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:
cricoid cartilage
The heart muscle is called the
myocardium
The Hering-Breuer reflex is stimulated when:
stretch receptors in the chest wall detect the the lungs are too full
The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:
xiphoid process
The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitonel organs because they:
are located behind th abdominal cavit
The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:
scapula
The largest portion of the brain, which is commonly referred to as the “gray matter,” is called the:
cerebrum
The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called:
epiglottis
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:
pulmonary veins
The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:
aorta
The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:
coccyx
The most superior portion of the sternum is called the:
manubrium
The nose, chin, umbilicus(navel), and spine are examples of ______ anatomic structures.
midline
The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:
right side cerebrum
The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:
diastole
The primary function of the right atrium is to:
receive blood from the vena cava
The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:
small intestine
The supporting bone of the arm is the
humerus
The topographic term used to describe the location of the body parts are closer toward the midline or center of the body is:
medial
The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:
inferior
The vocal cords are located in the
larynx
The wastes products of aerobic metabolism include:
carbon dioxide and water
The_____fills the entire anteroposterier depth of the right upper quadrant(RUQ) of the abdomen.
liver
The _____ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.
orbit
The ______ of the heart is the inferior portion of the left ventricles.
apex
The _____plane separates the body into left and right halves.
midsagittal
The _____ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.
sacrum
The _____ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.
diaphragm
Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?
five
Trauma to the _____lobe of the brain wold likely result in visual disturbances.
occipital
Trendelenburg’s position is most accurately defined as a:
supine position legs elevated 6 to 12 inches higher then the body
Twelve pairs of ribs attach to what section of the spinal column?
thoracic
Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:
ureters
What function does the pneumotaxic center serve?
inhibits the DRG resulting in shorter, faster respiration’s
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?
the arteries contract to increase blood pressure
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
transport a mature egg to the urterus
What is the main function of platelets?
initial formation of blood clots
What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?
5600
Tidal Vol - Dead space * R.R
What layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?
subcutaneous
What set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?
sensory
What three bones make up the shoulder girdle?
clavicle, scapula, humorus
Which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word “dorsal”?
posterior
Which of the following are central pulses?
femoral and cartiod
Which of the following arteries does not carry highly oxygenated blood?
pulmonary
Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?
pituitary
Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?
warms and humidifies inhaled air
Is respiration of 20 breaths per min adequate breathing in adults
yes
is a mastoid a facial bone
no mastoid is a bony mass
is a metabolic coordination a function of the skin
no
Is the kidney part of the digestive system
no
Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitonel space?
kidneys certain large vessels and parts of the gastrointestinal track
What is seesaw respirations unique to
infants and children
Which is the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?
dermis
Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct
agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted
Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?
anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular is limited
Which of the following statements regarding nervous system conrol of the cardiovascular system is correct?
baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure
Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?
plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients
Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct?
a person had no voluntary control over smooth muscle
is the heart under control of the autonomic nervous system
yes
Do the kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control its balance of water and salt
yes
What is the medulla oblongata sensitive to
the medulla is sensititve to ph changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphram
Does the skeletal system contain smooth muscle
no
What system is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities
endorcrine
Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant(LUQ) of the abdomen?
spleen
Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movement such as writing or sewing?
cerebellum
White blood cells are also called leukocytes and function by:
Protecting the body from infection
Worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the
spleen
Your ability to remain awake is a function of the:
reticular activating system
_____ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid and occurs when blood is moved through the artery at relatively high pressure
hydrostatic
Persons who are 19-40 years of age
Early adults
An infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked
sucking reflex
A bond between an infant and his/her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that his/her parents or caregivers will be responsive to his/her needs and take care of him/her when he or she needs help
secure attachment
A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience
post conventional reason
Persons who are from 1 month to 1 year of age
infants
A person who is 6 to 12 years of age
school age child
a disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow
atherosclerosis
An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant’s cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.
rooting reflex
formation of a close, personal relationship
bonding
An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his/her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things
moro reflex
Areas where the infant’s skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age.
fontanelles
Persons who are 41-60 years of age
middle adults
Injury resulting from pressure disequilibrium across body surfaces; for example, from too much pressure in the lungs.
barotrauma
a type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society
conventional reasoning
Persons who are 12 to 19 years of age
adolescents
Persons who are 61 years old or older
late adults
average amount of years a person can be expected to live
life expectancy
persons who are birth to 1 month of age
neoate
A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.
anxious-avoidant attachment
Persons who are 1 to 3 years of age
toddlers
basic filtering units in the kidneys
nephrons
an infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant’s palm; the infant grasps the object
palmar grasp
Persons who are 3 to 6 years of age
preschoolers
A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment to get what he or she wants
preconventional reasoning
The theory that a person’s mental function declines in the last 5 years of life.
terminal drop hypothesis
A phrase that refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents or caregivers if their world is planned organized, and routine.
trust mistrust
In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:
increases which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli
Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?
An infants toung is proportionately larder than an adults
The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:
70 to 120 bpm
An infant or small child’s airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:
the occiput is proportionately large ant the trachea is flexible
Infants are often referred to as “belly breathers” because:
thier rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally
Is an infants body temperature typically higher than a preschoolers
yes
At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years.
78/120
What is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?
Secondary sexual development
You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:
small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times
Describe the moro reflex
The neonate opens his or her arms wide spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled
You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:
responds to her name but is fearful of your presence
What are noticeable characteristics of a 9 month old infant
places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up
According to the terminal drop hypothesis:
mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death
Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?
Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.
Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.
age related changes in the nervous system
Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?
Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
9 and 18 month
Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:
elasticity of the lungs decreases
A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:
INQUIRE ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF PREGNANCY IN PRIVATE IF POSSIBLE
At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?
10 to 18 mo
When assessing an 80-year old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:
age- related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion
Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:
increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain
The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:
19 and 25 years
In preconventional reasoning, children:
act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want
Is increased surface area available for air exchange a contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of and elderly patient
no
When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that
age- related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears
Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.
middle age adults
An infant’s blood pressure typically increases with age because:
blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight
What is the normal pulse rate of a neonate?
90-180 bpm
Clingy behavior and fear of unfamiliar places and people, which usually occurs between ages 10 and 18 months, is called…
separation anxiety
Basic language is usually mastered by what age?
36 mo
Children begin to develop their self-concept and self-esteem during what period of growth?
school age
what age group is considered a toddler
1-3 years
What age group is most fixated on public image and terrified of being embarressed
12-18
THe human body should be functioning at its optimal level in what age group?
19-40
Increasing cholesterol levels and decreased efficiency of the heart begins to become a concern for which age group?
41-60 years
name the facts regarding respiratory system of older adults
A)The size of the airway increases.
B) The elasticity of the lungs decreases.
C) The strength of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm decreases.
Statistically, what percentage of the elderly live at home?
.95
Normal pulse
60-100
normal respirations
12-20
normal systolic blood pressure by age
12-18 years 90-110 19-60 years 90-140
Normal temp
98.6
rooting reflex
infant reflex that occurs when something touches their cheek and the infant turns his or her head toward the touch
Infant mile stones 2 mo
recognize familair faces track objects with eyes
Infant mile stone 3 mo
bring objects to mouth smile and frown
Infant mile stone 4 mo
reaches out to people drools
infant miles stone 5 mo
sleeps through night can tell family from strangers
infant mile stone 6 mo
Teething begins sits upright in a chair one syllable words spoken
infant mile stones 7 mo
afraid of strangers mood swings
Infant mile stones 8 mo
responds to no can sit alone plays peek a boo
infant miles stones 9 mo
pulls self up places object in mouth to explore them
Infant miles stone 10 month re
responds to name crawls
Infant mile stone 11 month
starts to walk frustrated with restrictions
Infant mile stone 12 mo
knows name can walk
Age-related changes in the renal system result in
a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed
In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child
shows little emotional response to parent or caregiver following repeated rejection
The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to
shrinkage of the brain
Infants are often referred to as “belly breathers” because:
Infants are often referred to as “belly breathers” because: their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally
You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that
his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to in crease cardiac output
The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to
atheroscerosis
Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?
they are preparing for retirement but still must meet every day demands of of financial concern
The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30 year old is
90 mm hg
