Random Questions

Question 1

What are some drugs that can’t be used when breastfeeding?

Answer 1

• amiodarone - causes thyroid problems
• benzos - drowsy/FTT
• antipsychotics (haloperidol)
• lithium (hypothyroidism)

Question 2

What prenatal diagnosis hormone levels would indicate the different chromosomal/congenital anomalies?

Answer 2

• Edwards (18) - low AFP, low oestrodiol, low HCG
  
  • single umbilical artery and IUGR
• Downs (21) - low AFP, low UE3 (oestriol unconjugated), high HCG
• Patau (13) - IUGR, clefts, ocular, polydactyly
• Spina bifida - high AFP, high acetylcholinesterases

Question 3

What are some differentials for child with a limp?

Answer 3

• Perthes Disease:
  
  • osteonecrosis of the femoral head (capital femoral epiphysis)
  • XR useful, MRI best
• scoliosis
• slipped capital femoral epiphysis (obesity)
• transient synovitis of the hip (<5years)

Question 4

What are breath holding attacks?

Answer 4

• >6mths- 5 years, peak at 2 years
• follow an injury/tantrum/being told off
• shallow cry, expiration followed by apnoea (can become cyanotic and LOC - jerks/arching can occur)
• reassure parents - (DDx seizures)

Question 5

What medications are women not allowed to take during pregnancy?

Answer 5

• ACEI
  
  • cause oligohydramnios, CVD instability, PDA, renal impairment
• cocaine
  
  • abruption
• heroin
  
  • jittery/fits in baby
• aminoglycosides
  
  • 8th nerve damage
• NSAIDs
  
  • PDA
• antidiabetics
• statins

Question 6

What is APLS? What antibodies should you look for?

Answer 6

• anticardiolipin antibodies
  
  • VTE more likely if lupus anticoagulant +
  • arterial thrombi more common if IgM/IgG +
• Tx LT is with warfarin

Question 7

What are the effects of some congenital infections?

Answer 7

• toxoplasmosis
  
  • hydrocephaly
  • seizures
  • chorioretinitis
• Rubella
  
  • sensorineural hearing loss
  • cataracts
  • neurological problems
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • cardiac defects
• CMV
  
  • intracerebral calcifications at 22weeks
• Chicken pox
  
  • limb hypoplasia
  • microcephaly
  • cerebral hypoplasia
• Parvovirus
  
  • hydrops fetalis

Question 8

What is SIDS?

Answer 8

• A cause of SUDI - 50% is sudden infant death syndrome
  
  • unknown cause
  • more common in
    
    • boys
    • twins
    • preterm
    • lower SES
    • young mother
    • more common if you sleep on your front

Question 9

Common bacteria causing meningitis in infants vs children?

Answer 9

Bacteria <2mths

• GBS
• E. coli + other Gram -
• Listeria monocytogenes

Bacteria >2months

• Strep Pneumonia
• Neisseria Meningitidis
• HIB