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3rd yr- IWB- Pathology > random Qs > Flashcards

random Qs Flashcards

1
Q 
If a patient presents with:
Decreased calcium increased phosphate 
Increased PTH 
Increased phophotase  
What do they have?
A

Osteomalacia

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2
Q

What is another name for osteopetrosis

A

Marble bone disease

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3
Q

If a patient has a poor osteoclast function due to carbonic anhydrase what conclusion would you come to?

A

osteopetrosis

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4
Q

On biopsy, a mosaic pattern of lamellar bone is revealed. What disease is associated with these results?

A

Paget’s disease

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5
Q

What bone disorder is caused by an autosomal dominant defect in the synthesis of collagen type 1?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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6
Q

If a child comes in with a normal sized head and vertebral column but their arms and legs are shortened what conclusion would you come to?

A

Achondroplasia

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7
Q

Name the disorder

Increased osteoclastic breakdown of bone due to PTH secretion

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

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8
Q 
Patient presents with:
Heliotrope rash 
Malar rash 
Gottron's papules
Cant brush her hair due to weakness 
Has increased creatine kinase 
What is your diagnosis
A

Dermatomyositis

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9
Q

Which is the most common STI caused by bacteria?

A

Chlamydia

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10
Q

What is an osteosarcoma?

A

A malignant proliferation of osteoblasts

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11
Q

Gives some clinical features of osteosarcoma

A

Bone pain with swelling

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12
Q

Which joint disease is associated with morning stiffness that improves with activity?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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13
Q

Which part of a joint does osteoarthritis usually affect?

A

Cartilage

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14
Q

Name the best medicine to treat osteoarthritis

A

Aspirin
Acetaminophen
Corticosteroid injections

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15
Q

What bone tumour is associated with lifting of periosteum off bone producing the Codman triangle and a sunburst appearance on X-ray?

A

Osteosarcoma

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16
Q

What is the main complication of the macrophage phase (4 to 7 days) after an MI?

A
  1. Cardiac tamponade
  2. Shunt through the ventricular wall
  3. Mitral insufficiency
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17
Q

What is the most commonly involved coronary artery in myocardial infarction (MI)?

A

Left anterior descending artery

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?

A

Rheumatic heart (valve) disease

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19
Q

A patient who has chest pains that occur occurs with exertion and or emotional stress has what?

A

Angina

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20
Q 
A patient presents with:
hypotension 
Muffled heart sounds 
Increased jugular venous distension 
What do you diagnose them with
A

cardiac tamponade

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21
Q

Name the most frequent etiologic agent of acute infective endocarditis in IV drug abusers?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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22
Q

Name the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD)?

A

Ventricular arrhythmia

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23
Q

What is the key complication in the first 24 hours of an MI?

A

Arrhythmia

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24
Q

What is the most common cause of right-sided heart failure?

A

Left side heart failure

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25
Q

Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone is prescribed for Mary?

A

oestrogen’s

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26
Q

The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of

A

osteocytes

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27
Q

The lacunae of bone contain

A

osteocytes

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28
Q

What are flame shaped red lines underneath fingernails due to?

A

May be due to emboli

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29
Q

Patients with glandular fever may form a skin rsh in response to with antibiotic?

A

Amoxicillin

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30
Q

What is hearing and balance lost associated wit? How is ti treated

A

Associated with damage to the 8th cranial nerve and treated using ahminoglycosides

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31
Q

Name the antibiotic that stimulated peristalsis reducing the gut transit time causing diarrrhoea

A

Azithormycin

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32
Q

Name foreign bodies known to cause cancer in a high percentage of patients

A

Asbestos

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33
Q

Give the term used to describe the wasting syndrome consisting of progressive loss of body fat accompanied by profound weakness, anorexia and anaemia, seen in the terminal stages of carcinomatosis

A

Cachexia

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34
Q

What is another term for superficial dermatitis

A

Tinea

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35
Q

Name a chronic mucocutaneous disease of unknown aetiology that affects the skin, tongue, and oral mucosa

A

Lichen planus

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36
Q

Name the disorder:

Reduction in the bone mass int eh presence of normal mineralisation

A

Osteoporosis

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37
Q

Name the disorder:

Aggressive malignant bone tumour which usually affects adolescents

A

Ewings sarcoma

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38
Q

What is achondroplasia due to?

A

Poor endochondral bone formation (long bones) but Intramembranous formation is unaffected

39
Q

Which disorder leads to renal failure due to HYPOCALCAEMIA

A

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

40
Q

Which disorder is this a characteristic of:

Enlargement of skull but narrowing of foramina

A

Paget’s disease

41
Q

Name the most common form of inherited dwarfism

A

Achondroplasia

42
Q

Name a metabolic bone disease linked to alcoholism due to inhibitor of osteoblasts from decreased absorption of calcium

A

Secondary Osteoporosis

43
Q

Macrolide antibiotics and Ciprofloxacin should not be given to treat COPD patients already taking which antimicrobial.

A

Theophylline

44
Q

What is a mass of red blood cell elements that develop and persists in an unbroken blood vessel called?

A

Thrombus

45
Q

Name the blood factor involved in a haemolytic condition that occurs when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and the foetus

A

Rh[esus] Factor

46
Q

Name the antiviral drug used as part of AIDS therapy

A

AZT

47
Q

Which antibiotic is associated with the risk of allergy

A

Clindamycin

48
Q

Which antibiotic predisposes to clostridium difficile diarrhoea

A

Amoxicillin

49
Q

Which chemical should be used to clean up blood spillages?

A

10,000 ppm Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
or
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate Crystals

50
Q

Name the disorder:
Considered to be wither the results of wear and tear in elderly individuals or calcification of congenitally deformed gene

A

Aortic stenosis

51
Q

Which medication decreases peripheral vascular resistance causing relaxation and decreased blood pressure?

A

Alpha blockers

52
Q

Name the disorder:
This cardiac disorder is mostly asymptomatic, presenting mainly in association with a major secondary event like stroke or MI

A

Hypertension

53
Q

The progression of which disease is associated with small airway changes with accumulation of inflammatory mucous exudate in lumen and inflammatory infiltrate

A

COPD

54
Q

What should be avoided in patients taking theophylline

A

Macolide antibiotics and ciprofloxacin

55
Q

Which inhaler decreases salivary flow and decreases plaque pH

A

Beta agonist inhaler

56
Q

If you see patchy infiltrates, cavitation and hilarious lymphadenopathy on a radiographic what would your diagnosis be?

A

Progressive primary tuberculosis

57
Q

People in jobs exposed to asbestos fibres are at a higher risk of developing what?

A

Mesothemlioma

58
Q

Name the disorder:

Full thickness dysplasia extending from the basement membrane to the surface of the epithelium

A

Carcinoma in situ

59
Q

Name the vascular birthmark caused by abnormal blood vessels in or under the skin

A

Haemangioma

60
Q

Which cell causes cell mediated lysis

A

CD8+

61
Q

Name the type od innate immune cell that resides in connective tissue and mucous membranes

A

Mast cells

62
Q

What is the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade activated by?

A

Thrombin

63
Q

Name the disorder:
A thrombo-hemorrhagic disorder that occurs as a complication of lots of different condition caused by sepsis and major trauma

A

DIC

64
Q

Which co adulation test measures the extrinsic pathway?

A

Prothrombin time

65
Q

Name a common skin lesion which may be associated with hyperlipidaemia in 25% of cases

A

Xanthoma

66
Q

Name the skin disorder:

Diagnosed between the age of 30 and 50 and is normally found on the inside of the cheek on the Tongue or inside of lips

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

67
Q

Name the skin disorder:
A non infectious chronic mucocutanous inflammatory disease characterised by the destruction of keratinocytes that affect the skin

A

Keratoacanthoma

68
Q

Name the skin disorder:
This disease may involve the skin, blood, endocrine system. Erythema nodosum presents as red nodules usually appearing on the shins

A

Crohns disease

69
Q

Pateitns undergoing special therapy for neoplastic disorder can acquire osteomyelitis which can lead to this condition

A

Osteoradionecrosis

70
Q

Heberdens nodes are often seen in the fingers distal to the interphalangeal joints in patients with which disease?

A

Osteoarthritis

71
Q

Name the bone disease:
A chronic inflammatory disease of the racial Skelton with variable involvement of the peripheral joints and non articular structures (strong associations with HLA-B27 haplotype

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

72
Q

What causes PT hyperplasia and is a result of renal failure?

A

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

73
Q

Name the most common form of congenital heart abnormality

A

Ventricular septal defects

74
Q

Name the heart disorder:
An acute or subacute inflammatory disease leading to the accumulation of infected thrombotic material on valves or adjacent endocardium

A

Infective endocarditis

75
Q

Name the heart disorder:

Deposits are present usually most pronounced at the bases of the cusps and extending into the sinuses of valasalva

A

Degenerative calcific aortic valve stenosis

76
Q

Side effects of the use of this drug class involve hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperuricaemia, rash and hyperglycaemia

A

Diuretics

77
Q

What is the inly manifestation of rheumatic fever that leaves a sequelae and permanent damage to the organ

A

Carditis

78
Q

Which disease produces ACTH?

A

Small cell carcinoma

79
Q

What does ACTH cause

A

Adrenal gland hyperplasia causing bushings syndrome

80
Q

Name the lung disorder:

Thickened mucus secretions of the block the airways and scar tissue often develops in place of the normal elastic stroma

A

Cystic fibrosis

81
Q

What should COPD patients not be taking if they are taking theophylline

A

Macrolide antibiotics and Ciprofloxacin

82
Q

Name the vitamin k dependant coagulation factors

A

Coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X

83
Q

Which cardiac disease is caused by a defect in the LDLs

A

Familial hypercholesterolaemia

84
Q

What term do we give to describe a low resting heart rate

A

Bradycardia

85
Q

Name the low grade malignant neoplasm of blood vessels caused by herpes virus type 8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

86
Q

Cigarette smoking that causes early changes in the respiratory tract commonly causes what change in the epithelium?

A

Metaplasia

87
Q

Spontaneous bleeding from mucosal surfaces is most likely due to what?

A

Thrombocytopenia

88
Q

A drop of reduction in white cell count is called what/

A

Leukopaenia

89
Q

Excessive breakdown of red blood cells to produce bilirubin will result in what?

A

Jaundice §

90
Q

Name an autoimmune bone disease that affects joints rather than bones

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

91
Q

Paget’s disease of bone is sometimes complicated by the late development of what neoplasm?

A

Osteosarcoma

92
Q

Infections in long bones in children usually caused by haematgoenous spread of bacteria is called what?

A

Osteomyelitis

93
Q

What is a necrotic fragment of bone found in osteomyelitis called?

A

Sequestrum

3rd yr- IWB- Pathology (11 decks)

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