random Qs Flashcards
1
Q
If a patient presents with: Decreased calcium increased phosphate Increased PTH Increased phophotase What do they have?
A
Osteomalacia
2
Q
What is another name for osteopetrosis
A
Marble bone disease
3
Q
If a patient has a poor osteoclast function due to carbonic anhydrase what conclusion would you come to?
A
osteopetrosis
4
Q
On biopsy, a mosaic pattern of lamellar bone is revealed. What disease is associated with these results?
A
Paget’s disease
5
Q
What bone disorder is caused by an autosomal dominant defect in the synthesis of collagen type 1?
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta
6
Q
If a child comes in with a normal sized head and vertebral column but their arms and legs are shortened what conclusion would you come to?
A
Achondroplasia
7
Q
Name the disorder
Increased osteoclastic breakdown of bone due to PTH secretion
A
Primary hyperparathyroidism
8
Q
Patient presents with: Heliotrope rash Malar rash Gottron's papules Cant brush her hair due to weakness Has increased creatine kinase What is your diagnosis
A
Dermatomyositis
9
Q
Which is the most common STI caused by bacteria?
A
Chlamydia
10
Q
What is an osteosarcoma?
A
A malignant proliferation of osteoblasts
11
Q
Gives some clinical features of osteosarcoma
A
Bone pain with swelling
12
Q
Which joint disease is associated with morning stiffness that improves with activity?
A
Rheumatoid arthritis
13
Q
Which part of a joint does osteoarthritis usually affect?
A
Cartilage
14
Q
Name the best medicine to treat osteoarthritis
A
Aspirin
Acetaminophen
Corticosteroid injections
15
Q
What bone tumour is associated with lifting of periosteum off bone producing the Codman triangle and a sunburst appearance on X-ray?
A
Osteosarcoma
16
Q
What is the main complication of the macrophage phase (4 to 7 days) after an MI?
A
- Cardiac tamponade
- Shunt through the ventricular wall
- Mitral insufficiency
17
Q
What is the most commonly involved coronary artery in myocardial infarction (MI)?
A
Left anterior descending artery
18
Q
What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?
A
Rheumatic heart (valve) disease
19
Q
A patient who has chest pains that occur occurs with exertion and or emotional stress has what?
A
Angina
20
Q
A patient presents with: hypotension Muffled heart sounds Increased jugular venous distension What do you diagnose them with
A
cardiac tamponade
21
Q
Name the most frequent etiologic agent of acute infective endocarditis in IV drug abusers?
A
Staphylococcus aureus
22
Q
Name the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD)?
A
Ventricular arrhythmia
23
Q
What is the key complication in the first 24 hours of an MI?
A
Arrhythmia
24
Q
What is the most common cause of right-sided heart failure?
A
Left side heart failure
25
Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone is prescribed for Mary?
oestrogen's
26
The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of
osteocytes
27
The lacunae of bone contain
osteocytes
28
What are flame shaped red lines underneath fingernails due to?
May be due to emboli
29
Patients with glandular fever may form a skin rsh in response to with antibiotic?
Amoxicillin
30
What is hearing and balance lost associated wit? How is ti treated
Associated with damage to the 8th cranial nerve and treated using ahminoglycosides
31
Name the antibiotic that stimulated peristalsis reducing the gut transit time causing diarrrhoea
Azithormycin
32
Name foreign bodies known to cause cancer in a high percentage of patients
Asbestos
33
Give the term used to describe the wasting syndrome consisting of progressive loss of body fat accompanied by profound weakness, anorexia and anaemia, seen in the terminal stages of carcinomatosis
Cachexia
34
What is another term for superficial dermatitis
Tinea
35
Name a chronic mucocutaneous disease of unknown aetiology that affects the skin, tongue, and oral mucosa
Lichen planus
36
Name the disorder:
| Reduction in the bone mass int eh presence of normal mineralisation
Osteoporosis
37
Name the disorder:
| Aggressive malignant bone tumour which usually affects adolescents
Ewings sarcoma
38
What is achondroplasia due to?
Poor endochondral bone formation (long bones) but Intramembranous formation is unaffected
39
Which disorder leads to renal failure due to HYPOCALCAEMIA
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
40
Which disorder is this a characteristic of:
| Enlargement of skull but narrowing of foramina
Paget's disease
41
Name the most common form of inherited dwarfism
Achondroplasia
42
Name a metabolic bone disease linked to alcoholism due to inhibitor of osteoblasts from decreased absorption of calcium
Secondary Osteoporosis
43
Macrolide antibiotics and Ciprofloxacin should not be given to treat COPD patients already taking which antimicrobial.
Theophylline
44
What is a mass of red blood cell elements that develop and persists in an unbroken blood vessel called?
Thrombus
45
Name the blood factor involved in a haemolytic condition that occurs when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and the foetus
Rh[esus] Factor
46
Name the antiviral drug used as part of AIDS therapy
AZT
47
Which antibiotic is associated with the risk of allergy
Clindamycin
48
Which antibiotic predisposes to clostridium difficile diarrhoea
Amoxicillin
49
Which chemical should be used to clean up blood spillages?
10,000 ppm Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
or
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate Crystals
50
Name the disorder:
Considered to be wither the results of wear and tear in elderly individuals or calcification of congenitally deformed gene
Aortic stenosis
51
Which medication decreases peripheral vascular resistance causing relaxation and decreased blood pressure?
Alpha blockers
52
Name the disorder:
This cardiac disorder is mostly asymptomatic, presenting mainly in association with a major secondary event like stroke or MI
Hypertension
53
The progression of which disease is associated with small airway changes with accumulation of inflammatory mucous exudate in lumen and inflammatory infiltrate
COPD
54
What should be avoided in patients taking theophylline
Macolide antibiotics and ciprofloxacin
55
Which inhaler decreases salivary flow and decreases plaque pH
Beta agonist inhaler
56
If you see patchy infiltrates, cavitation and hilarious lymphadenopathy on a radiographic what would your diagnosis be?
Progressive primary tuberculosis
57
People in jobs exposed to asbestos fibres are at a higher risk of developing what?
Mesothemlioma
58
Name the disorder:
| Full thickness dysplasia extending from the basement membrane to the surface of the epithelium
Carcinoma in situ
59
Name the vascular birthmark caused by abnormal blood vessels in or under the skin
Haemangioma
60
Which cell causes cell mediated lysis
CD8+
61
Name the type od innate immune cell that resides in connective tissue and mucous membranes
Mast cells
62
What is the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade activated by?
Thrombin
63
Name the disorder:
A thrombo-hemorrhagic disorder that occurs as a complication of lots of different condition caused by sepsis and major trauma
DIC
64
Which co adulation test measures the extrinsic pathway?
Prothrombin time
65
Name a common skin lesion which may be associated with hyperlipidaemia in 25% of cases
Xanthoma
66
Name the skin disorder:
| Diagnosed between the age of 30 and 50 and is normally found on the inside of the cheek on the Tongue or inside of lips
Squamous cell carcinoma
67
Name the skin disorder:
A non infectious chronic mucocutanous inflammatory disease characterised by the destruction of keratinocytes that affect the skin
Keratoacanthoma
68
Name the skin disorder:
This disease may involve the skin, blood, endocrine system. Erythema nodosum presents as red nodules usually appearing on the shins
Crohns disease
69
Pateitns undergoing special therapy for neoplastic disorder can acquire osteomyelitis which can lead to this condition
Osteoradionecrosis
70
Heberdens nodes are often seen in the fingers distal to the interphalangeal joints in patients with which disease?
Osteoarthritis
71
Name the bone disease:
A chronic inflammatory disease of the racial Skelton with variable involvement of the peripheral joints and non articular structures (strong associations with HLA-B27 haplotype
Ankylosing spondylitis
72
What causes PT hyperplasia and is a result of renal failure?
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
73
Name the most common form of congenital heart abnormality
Ventricular septal defects
74
Name the heart disorder:
An acute or subacute inflammatory disease leading to the accumulation of infected thrombotic material on valves or adjacent endocardium
Infective endocarditis
75
Name the heart disorder:
| Deposits are present usually most pronounced at the bases of the cusps and extending into the sinuses of valasalva
Degenerative calcific aortic valve stenosis
76
Side effects of the use of this drug class involve hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperuricaemia, rash and hyperglycaemia
Diuretics
77
What is the inly manifestation of rheumatic fever that leaves a sequelae and permanent damage to the organ
Carditis
78
Which disease produces ACTH?
Small cell carcinoma
79
What does ACTH cause
Adrenal gland hyperplasia causing bushings syndrome
80
Name the lung disorder:
| Thickened mucus secretions of the block the airways and scar tissue often develops in place of the normal elastic stroma
Cystic fibrosis
81
What should COPD patients not be taking if they are taking theophylline
Macrolide antibiotics and Ciprofloxacin
82
Name the vitamin k dependant coagulation factors
Coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X
83
Which cardiac disease is caused by a defect in the LDLs
Familial hypercholesterolaemia
84
What term do we give to describe a low resting heart rate
Bradycardia
85
Name the low grade malignant neoplasm of blood vessels caused by herpes virus type 8
Kaposi sarcoma
86
Cigarette smoking that causes early changes in the respiratory tract commonly causes what change in the epithelium?
Metaplasia
87
Spontaneous bleeding from mucosal surfaces is most likely due to what?
Thrombocytopenia
88
A drop of reduction in white cell count is called what/
Leukopaenia
89
Excessive breakdown of red blood cells to produce bilirubin will result in what?
Jaundice §
90
Name an autoimmune bone disease that affects joints rather than bones
Rheumatoid arthritis
91
Paget's disease of bone is sometimes complicated by the late development of what neoplasm?
Osteosarcoma
92
Infections in long bones in children usually caused by haematgoenous spread of bacteria is called what?
Osteomyelitis
93
What is a necrotic fragment of bone found in osteomyelitis called?
Sequestrum
