Random Q’s Flashcards
Implicit vs Explicit Rationing
Implicit rationing is where care is limited but neither the decisions nor the bases for these decisions are clearly expressed whereas, Explicit rationing is where care is limited and decisions are based on define rules of entitlement.
Lead time bias vs length time bias
Lead time bias occurs when a screening programme results in earlier diagnosis but not improved survival whereas length time bias is when a screening programme diagnoses a larger proportion of slower growing tumours than faster growing tumours thus giving the first impression of improved survival
Give three examples of factors that may result in unintentional non adherence
Understanding
Treatment complexity
Physical difficulties
In terms of consultations, what is concordance ?
Negotiations between the patient and doctor over a treatment regime, concordance is a process involving the patient and doctor working together towards an agreed course of treatment.
Name one generic health related quality of life instrument and an advantage of using a generic rather than a specific instrument.
SF 36
it can be used for a range of health problems and it can be used to detect unexpected positive or negative
Name all the aspects of the Black report and explain the materialist explanation given in this report.
Artefact, social selection, behaviour-cultural and materialist.
The materialist explanation argues that inequalities lie in differential access to material resources. this may include poor housing conditions, working environments and low income. the accumulation and combination of these factors of a life cause contributes to poorer health
If one says “if people knew smoking is bad surely they would stop” is this a convincing theory?
This theory is not very convincing it assumes that giving people information will be enough to change their behaviour but research shows that Health damaging behaviours are rarely due to solely ignorance.
Why are people who live by a Negative definition of health less likely to engage with smoking cessation?
Those who have a negative definition of health regard health as the absence of illness. they are therefore less likely to engage with preventative interventions like smoking cessation in the absence of symptoms
Give two examples of the types of ‘illness work’ undertaken by patients with chronic illness
Dealing with emotional impact and dealing with uncertainty
Give two reasons as to why women from lower socio-economic groups may be less likely to attend screening.
May have more difficulty mobilising resources required to attend.
May be more likely to have a negative definition of health, manage health as series of crises and not perceive need for preventative services such as screening.
Lack of cultural alignment
Why is a low proportion of false positives important?
A false positive indicates an individual may have the disease when in fact they do not. The implications of this are that it turns them into a patient when they are not actually ill. They will be offered diagnostic testing which may be invasive and unpleasant and result in increased anxiety and risks
Give two reasons why it is important for doctors to have an understanding of lay beliefs
Lay beliefs may influence health behaviour
Lay believes may influence illness behaviour
What are the learning theories and social cognition models within health related behaviour?
Theories- operant conditioning, classical conditioning and social learning theories
Models- cognitive dissonance theory and theory of planned behaviour
What is dependence?
A cluster of physiological behavioural and cognitive phenomena in which the use of a substance or class of substances takes on a much higher priority for a given individual and other behaviours that once had greater value.
Theories of dependence?
Learning theories, imitation theories and rational choice
