Random (produced from weak areas) Flashcards
1) availability heuristic
2) representative heuristic
A heuristic is a mental shortcut taken to make judgments/decisions about a situation.
1) the tendency to believe that something is common or likely d/t how easily it comes to memory i.e. believing shark attacks are common after you see one on the news
2) how well something matches a mental prototype/stigma i.e. assuming a woman dressed in scrubs is a nurse rather than a surgeon
feature detectors
specific neurons that preferentially fire in response to very specific stimuli; are present in all senses but are most often described w/ vision
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Broca: speech production; prefrontal cortex
Wernicke: language comprehension; temporal lobe
halo effect
an individual w/ a + quality is automatically assumed to have other + qualities
class consciousness false consciousness
class: involves the recognition of class structure and an identification w/ one’s own class such that individuals understand that ppl from other classes have needs and interests different from their own. i.e. will recognize global inequalities and uneven distribution of resources
false: results when individuals from lower classes adopt misleading views of the upper class & accept the status quo of injustice, exploitation, etc. i.e. results in healthcare system inequalities being unchallenged and emphasizes the role of individual choices
____ approach would emphasize the role of physiological causes in the development of disease, whereas _____ describes how social identities i.e. race, gender, and age, impact an individual’s life, their perspectives, and their tx.
biomedical, intersectionality
1) racialization
2) cultural transmission
3) cultural relativism
1) one group designates another group with a racial identity based on shared group qualities
2) passing culture from one generation to the next
3) the idea that no superior group exists and encourages the mindset of being unbiased to all kinds of groups (opposite of ethnocentrism)
stereotype threat
stereotype boost
threat: the awareness of a negative stigma one holds lowers one’s performance
boost: the opposite of stereotype threat- positive stereotype about certain groups causes an increased performance
habituation
desensitization
habituation: a decrease in response to the same stimulus
desensitization: a decreased response that follows an increase response (aka sensitizatio); hence you have to become sensitized to a stimulus first before you experience desensitization
symbolic culture
refers to the non-tangible culture that exists in society i.e. norms, beliefs, and ideas; social networks are a nonmaterial concept and therefore are an example of symbolic culture
social facilitation
social exclusion
facilitation: an individual performs simple, well engrained tasks better when they are being watched compared to when they are alone
exclusion: when a social group is excluded from certain rights or opportunities
groupthink
group polarization
groupthink: a group of individuals are attempting to make a cohesive decision and the desire for harmony and conformity within the group potentially cloud the decision-making process (in order to reach the cohesive descision quicker)
polarization: like-minded ppl discuss something, and the average group opinion becomes even more extreme
self schema
social identity
schema: beliefs about the self that is important to one’s own definition
identity: inc all the social defined attributes of who one is including socially defined characteristics like gender and race
self perception theory
cognitive dissonance
self perception theory:
- in short, attitude follows behavior, particularly if one is unsure about their attitude, motives, beliefs, etc.
- your behavior can influence you attitude
- an unsure attitude can be influenced by observing other ppl, which can then cause that person to exhibit a particular behavior.
- ppl may change their attitudes to justify their actions/behavior
cognitive dissonance: when there is a difference/discord between a behavior and an attitude, it causes a person stress. in response, a person will modify one or the other to relieve the stress felt. Ppl more often change their attitudes to align with their behaviors rather than the other way around.
The _____ cortex is located in the frontal lobe and is responsible for managing emotional impulses, facial expression interpretation, and motivation.
orbitofrontal cortex
