Random points to know Flashcards
What is the normal heart rate for a dog
60-160 bpm
What is the normal heart rate for a cat
140-220 bpm
What is the normal resp rate for a dog
15-30 bpm
What is the normal resp rate for a cat
20-30bpm
Which is not a common cause of cough in an older, small breed dog?
Tracheal collapse
Laryngeal collapse
Chronic bronchitis
Bronchial compression from left atrial enlargement
Laryngeal collapse
What murmur would you hear with subaortic stenosis
Systolic, left heart base
What murmur would you hear with VSD
Systolic, right thorax
What murmur would you hear with mitral valve dysplasia regurgitation
Systolic, left apex
What murmur would you hear with patent ductus arteriosus
Continuous, left heart base
If a feline patient is diagnosed with an aortic thromboembolism, which ACVIM stage would the patient be classified?
C
‘At-home’ therapy for congestive heart failure due to degenerative mitral valve disease in the dog is usually composed of:
Furosemide
Pimobendan
ACE-inhibitor
Muffled lung sounds ventrally is indicative of
pleural effusion
Expiratory wheezes could be indicative of
Bronchoconstriction / mucous plug
End inspiratory crackles could be indicative of
pulmonary edema
When an interstitial infiltrate is identified within the pulmonary parenchyma on thoracic radiographs, which features best support cardiogenic pulmonary edema (i.e. left-sided congestive heart failure)?
Pulmonary venous enlargement
Left atrial enlargement
Causes of left ventricular concentric hypertrophy in the cat include:
1) Systemic hypertension
2) Hyperthyroidism
3) Primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
How do you count HR on EKG
1) 25mm/s paper speed - 15 heavy boxes is 3s. Just count how many in 15 and then multiply by 20
2) 50mm/s paper speed - 30 heavy boxes is 3s. Just could how many in 30 and then multiply by 20
What heart rate indicates tachycardia in dog
> 160 bpm
What heart rate indicates tachycardia in cat
> 220 bpm
What heart rate bradycardia in a dog
<60
What heart rate bradycardia in a cat
<140
What has a narrow QRS (<70ms in dog, <40ms in cat)
1) Supraventricular origin
2) Normal conduction
What has a wide QRS (>70ms in dog, >40ms in cat)
1) Ventricular origin
2) supraventricular origin with aberrant conduction
What is the pathophysiology of DCM
1) Decreased contractility (systolic function)
2) Increased end systolic volume
3) Increased end diastolic volume to normalize stroke volume
4) Eccentric hypertrophy (chamber dilation) to compensate -> sarcomeres are added in series
5) Interstitial fibrosis can cause arrhythmias - ventricular, Afib leading to atrial dilation and CHF
What dog breeds typically get primary dilated cardiomyopathy
Doberman (PDK4- mitochondrial energy, titan-sarcomeric gene)
Great Dane
Irish Wolfhound
Newfoundland
Cockerspaniel
Portuguese water dog
Toy Manchester terrier
Standard schnauzer -> RBM20 mutation
What might cause secondary cardiomyopathies with systolic dysfunction (DCM phenotype)
1) Nutrition: decreased taurine and/or L-carnitine
2) Doxorubicin
3) Tachycardia-induced CM
4) Myocarditis (infectious, inflammatory, immune mediated, idiopathic)
5) Ischemic CM
6) Endocrinopathies - hypothyroidism or Addisons (unlikely)
What is the pathophysiology of ARVC
1) Striatin mutation in some boxers
2) Abnormal intercellular adhesion leading to myocyte death and fibro-fatty infiltration and intolerance to mechanical stress
3) Tachycarrhythmias and impaired systolic function
How do you clinically recognize ARVC
-Boxer of bulldog
-Arrhythmia noted on PE
-Syncope, exercise intolerance, lethargy, breathing difficulty, abdominal distension (CHF)
-Right sided (LBBB-morphology) premature ventricular complexes
