Random Need-to-knows

Question 1

Erysipelas

Answer 1

Type of cellulitis caused by strep
Resembles bright-red, warm, raised rash (plaque-like) with discrete borders usually on face or shins. NO blistering present.

Question 2

Rust-colored sputum is indicative of

Answer 2

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection

Question 3

Legionella pneumonia (Legionnaire’s disease)

Answer 3

Uncommon in primary care
Look for history of exposure to “nebulized” water sources (AC’s, fountains)
Presents with PNA s/sx and GI sx (N/V/D)

Question 4

Bacterial vaginosis

Answer 4

Clue cells: mature squamous epithelial cells with numerous bacteria on the cell borders
Vaginal pH of 6.0 (normally 3.5-4.5)

Question 5

Torus palatinus

Answer 5

Chronic bony growth located midline in the hard palate

Question 6

Tanner II

Answer 6

Girls: Breast bud and areola starts to develop
Boys: Testes and scrotum start to enlarge (scrotal skin starts to get darker/more rugae)

Question 7

Tanner III

Answer 7

Girls: Breast continues to grow with nipples/areola (one mound/no separation)
Boys: Penis grows longer and testes/scrotum continues to become larger

Question 8

Tanner IV

Answer 8

Girls: Nipples and areola become elevated from the breast (secondary mound)
Boys: Penis becomes wider and continues growing in length (testes are larger with darker scrotal skin and more rugae)

Question 9

Cutaneous larva migrans

Answer 9

Shaped like red raised wavy lines (serpiginous) are are alone or a few may be grouped; red and very pruritic, become excoriated from scratching
Usually on areas directly exposed to contaminated soil and sand–soles of feet, extremities, buttocks
Tx: either ivermectin QD x 1-2 days -OR- albendazole x 3 days

Question 10

S3 heart sound best heard at

Answer 10

Mitral area

Question 11

Senile arcus, or arcus senilis

Answer 11

White, gray, or blue ring or arc around the cornea of the eye, sometimes a sign of high cholesterol in those <45 years

Question 12

Enterobiasis aka

Answer 12

Pinworms

Question 13

Trigeminal neuralgia, or tic douloureux

Answer 13

Chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from your face to your brain

Question 14

Temporal arteritis aka

Answer 14

Giant cell arteritis

Question 15

Hirschberg test aka

Answer 15

Corneal reflex test, or light reflex

Question 16

Virchow’s nodes

Answer 16

Sentinel nodes, supraclavicular, typically

Question 17

Rocky Mountain spotted fever s/sx and tx

Answer 17

Location: south-central US, outdoor activity
Classic rash (red rash on both wrists and ankles that spreads centrally with involvement of palms and soles)
Systemic sx: high fever, headache, myalgia, nausea
SEND TO ED--tx with doxycycline PO/IV at least 7 days

Question 18

BP med that increases lipoproteins

Answer 18

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 19

Why progesterone is taken with estrogen after menopause

Answer 19

Decrease risk of endometrial hyperplasia

Question 20

Mastitis

Answer 20

Continue to nurse with both breasts

Question 21

Increased lead levels are associated with…

Answer 21

Abnormal deep tendon reflexes