Random IV Flashcards
What are crystalloids?
Fluids given IV that supply water and sodium to maintain the osmotic gradient
*Plasma volume expanding capacity r/t Na concentration
Examples:
NS
Hypertonic saling
LR
D5W
Which kind of crystalloid is more efficient at expanding the plasma volume than NA?
3%NaCl - hypertonic saline
Impact of giving crystalloids on colloid osmotic p?
Has dilutional effect –> decreases COP
What are distributed faster into the interstitial and intracellular spaces, colloids or crystalloids?
Crystalloids
Can either crystalloids or colloids cause long term plasma volume expansion?
No
Indications for crystalloid and colloid tx?
Acute liver failure Acute nephrosis Adult respiratory distress syndrome Burns Cardiopulmonary bypass Hypoproteinemia Reducation of the risk of DVT Kidney dialysis Shock
Do these IV fluids change the coagulation profile?
No
Are the effects of crystalloids short lived?
Yes
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What are colloids
3 common proteins used here
Protein substances that inc COP and effectively move fluid from the IS compartment to plasma
3 proteins: albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
* Colloids also usually contain carbohydrates and family collagen (gelatin)
__> the small particles promote diuresis, the large ones maintain plasma vol
What concentration must colloids be in to be effective?
Usually 74g/L
If drops below 53g/L, fluids will start shifting into the IS
How long do colloids act as plasma expanders?
For several hours
Pros and cons of colloids and crystalloids
Colloids: more effective in plasma expansion
Crystalloids: less expensive and less likely to cause bleeding; more likely to cause edema because require high fluid amounts to be infused; superior for emerg short term volume expansion
How do colloids promote bleeding?
Don’t contain clotting factors. Dilute blood, possibly leading to less coagulation and impair fx of platelets (by diluation)
