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Immunology > random intro > Flashcards

random intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is an allergy?

A

an exaggerated response by the immune system to an allergen.

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2
Q

What is an allergen?

A

a normally harmless substance that causes an allergic reaction.

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3
Q

what are the two types of allergic rxns?

A

immediate (0s-30min) and delayed

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4
Q

What happens during an allergic rxn?

A

antibodies cause histamines to be released from certain cells

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5
Q

What does histamine cause?

A

Swelling of tissues. Release of fluids (runny noses and eyes). muscle spasms (some cases)

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6
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Any molecule that binds to immunoglobulin or T cell receptor

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7
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Microorganism that can cause disease

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8
Q

What is an antibody?

A

secreted immunoglobulin

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9
Q

What is an immunoglobulin?

A

Antigen binding molecules of B cells

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10
Q

What is a vaccination?

A

Deliberate induction of protective immunity to a pathogen

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11
Q

What are the three broad categories of immune disorders?

A

Immunodeficiencies. Autoimmunity. Hypersensitivities

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12
Q

What are immunodeficiencies?

A

occur when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive.

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13
Q

How do diets lacking protein cause immunodeficiency?

A

Impaired Cell-mediated immunity, Complement activity, Phagocyte function, IgA antibody concentrations, Cytokine production

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14
Q

What happens as a result of the loss of thymus at an early age?

A

severe immunodeficiency and a high susceptibility to infection.

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15
Q

What is chronic granulomatous disease?

A

congenital immunodeficiency where phagocytes have a reduced ability to destroy pathogens,

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16
Q

What is autoimmunity?

A

the immune system fails to properly distinguish between self and non-self, and attacks part of the body

17
Q

What is a hypersensitivity?

A

immune response that damages the body’s own tissues.

18
Q

Describe a type I hypersensitivity

A

immediate or anaphylactic reaction, often associated with allergy. mediated by IgE

19
Q

Describe a type II hypersensitivity

A

antibodies bind to antigens on the patient’s own cells, marking them for destruction. mediated by IgG and IgM. ex-myasthenia gravis

20
Q

Describe a type III hypersensitivity

A

triggered by aggregations of antigens, complement proteins, and IgG and IgM antibodies and deposited in various tissues.

21
Q

What are two examples of a type III hypersensitivity?

A

lupus, Churg Strauss

22
Q

What is a type IV hypersensitivity?

A

usually takes between two and three days to develop. Unlike the other types, it is not antibody mediated but rather is a type of cell-mediated response. Example: TB test

Immunology (8 decks)

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