random info Flashcards
How does the pancreas react when the body has too much glucose in the body or too little??
High blood glucose- pancreas- insulin released by beta cells- fat cells take in glucose from blood- normal blood glucose levels
Low blood glucose - pancreas- glucagon released by alpha cells - liver releases glucose into blood - normal blood glucose levels
What is the Atkins diet?
Low carbs, high fat and high protein
Biochemical profile: what markers show how well the kidneys are working?
Sodium, potassium and creatinine
Difference between primary hypertension and secondary?
Primary hypertension: blood pressure that doesn’t have a known cause but includes lifestyle and genetic factors
Secondary hypertension - blood pressure thats caused by another medical condition such as kidney disease
What is hyperaldosteronism:
disorder in which the adrenal gland releases too much of the hormone aldosterone into the blood. too much of this hormone cancause you to lose potassium and retain sodium. That imbalance can cause your body to hold too much water, increasing your blood volume and blood pressure
what is the JBS3 risk calculator?
The JBS3 risk calculator is not appropriate for people who have existing CVD and should only be used with caution in patients with certain high risk conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Ace inhibitors :
They work by inhibitting ACE, thus preventing the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, thus preventing vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone, thus reducing blood pressure;
Adverse effects of thiazides?
Low sodium, low potassium, low chloride
High uric acid levels
potentiate diabetes
How does beta blockers inhibitors help treat hypertension
Beta blockers work byblocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. Beta blockers cause the heart to beat more slowly and with less force, which lowers blood pressure. Beta blockers also help widen veins and arteries to improve blood flow.
How does Alpha blockers inhibitors help treat hypertension
Alpha blockers are a type of blood pressure medication. Theylower blood pressure by preventing a hormone called norepinephrine from tightening the muscles in the walls of smaller arteries and veins. As a result, the blood vessels remain open and relaxed. This improves blood flow and lowers blood pressure.
How does aldosterone antagonists help treat hypertension
Aldosterone receptor antagonists block the effects of aldosterone. This causesreabsorption of sodium by the kidneysand other glands, which encourages water loss, and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure and reduction in fluid around the heart.
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone. Its main role isto regulate salt and water in the body.
What is the GCS?
The tool used to assess the level of consciousness
The GCS assesses a person based on their ability to perform eye movements, speak, and move their body.
These three behaviours make up the three elements of the scale: eye, verbal, and motor.
GCS
A score of 15 is normal - fully conscious
The lowest score is 3 - no response to pain, no verbalisation and no eye opening.
what is the mental state examination?
A mental state examination (MSE) gives you a snapshot of a patient’s emotions, thoughts, and behaviour at the time of observation
What is GAD7
Generalised anxiety disorder: score 0-4 minmal anxiety 5-9 mild anxiety 10-14 moderate anxiety greater than 15 - severe anxiety
