Random fun things to know

Question 1

Amlodipine

Answer 1

reatment of choice for hypertension in cats. It is a calcium channel blocker and works by preventing calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby causing vasodilation. This relaxes the vessels and allows for reduced blood pressure.

Question 2

Atenolol

Answer 2

beta blocker and is often used in tachycardic patients with hyperthyroidism. It does not adequately control systemic hypertension in most cases.

Question 3

Furosemide

Answer 3

diuretic used in treating congestive heart failure.

Question 4

Enalapril

Answer 4

ACE-inhibitor and does help to decrease blood pressure in some cases by causing vasodilation. However, in a cat with severe hypertension, enalapril alone would not likely provide adequate control.

Question 5

Pimobendan

Answer 5

calcium sensitizer that increases cardiac contractility. It is sometimes used in cats with dilated cardiomyopathy. It is most often used in dogs as an adjunctive treatment for pulmonary hypertension or congestive heart failure.

Question 6

How many days of gestation can you see fetal skeletons on radiographs in a dog

• Scapula, humerus and femur?
• Ribs?
• Teeth and toes?

Answer 6

43 days

• -Scapula, humerus and femur? 42-46d
• Ribs? 46-51
• Teeth and toes? 58-63

Question 7

Typical total parental neutron mixture for a calf

Answer 7

1L of 10% amino acids, 1L of 50% glucose and 500 ml of 10% lipids per day.

Question 8

Lifespan of hamster

Answer 8

2 years

Question 9

What is the causative agent of vesicular stomatitis?

Answer 9

Rhabdovirus REPORTABLE

Question 10

What is the causative agent of BVD?

Answer 10

Flavivirus

Question 11

What is the causative agent of FMD?

Answer 11

Picornovirus

Question 12

What is the causative agent of bluetongue?

Answer 12

Reovirus

Question 13

Which of these chemotherapeutic drugs causes irreversible tissue sloughing if the drug is perivascularized or given any route other than IV to a dog?
 A. Mitoxantrone
 B. Doxorubicin 
 C. L-Asparaginase
 D. Cisplatin

Answer 13

B. Doxorubicin
The correct answer is doxorubicin. Perivascularization of this drug causes a severe irreversible tissue slough that may require amputation. Some other chemotherapy drugs such as vincristine cause a more localized severe reaction if perivascularized.
-L-Asparaginase can be safely given subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
-Cisplatin can be given intralesionally.
-Carboplatin is always given IV but if perivascularized, does not cause a severe reaction.

Question 14

Which of the following tumors is the most common cause for hypercalcemia in dogs?
 A. Multiple myeloma
 B. Lymphoma 
 C. Squamous cell carcinoma
 D. Osteosarcoma
 E. Anal sac adenocarcinoma

Answer 14

B. Lymphoma (T-cell lymphoma)
More specifically, T cell lymphoma often causes hypercalcemia. Anal sac adenocarcinoma is the second most common cause in dogs. This occurs due to secretion of a parathyroid related peptide (PTH-rP) from the neoplastic cells, leading to calcium mobilization from the bone with concurrent decreased calcium excretion.

Question 15

The most common electrolyte disturbance from a urethral obstruction is

Answer 15

Hyperkalemia: This occurs from an impaired urinary excretion of potassium. This can cause life-threatening arrhythmias and needs to be quickly addressed, especially if potassium exceeds 7 mEq/L.

Correct with: 0.9% Sodium chloride is the fluid of choice to treat this disturbance.

Question 16

What is the etiologic agent of thromboembolic meningoencephalitis in cattle?

Answer 16

Histophilus somni

Question 17

Illness in young calves caused by Eimeria sp. is best treated with which of the following?

Answer 17

Amprolium

Question 18

You perform a somatic cell count (SCC) on a string of cows that are down in milk production. Their count ranged from 100,000 to 200,000 cells/ml. What is your interpretation?

Answer 18

Many studies suggest that cows with

• SCC of less than 200,000 are not likely to be infected with major mastitis pathogens
• SCC above 300,000 are probably infected (Smith, 1996).
• bulk tank SCC above 200,000 have varying degrees of subclinical mastitis.
• At 500,000 SCC, approximately 16% of the mammary quarters may be infected, resulting in a 6% reduction in milk production compared to a SCC of 200,000

Question 19

Lens removal is strongly recommended for several conditions. Which of these conditions necessitates immediate lens removal?
A. Progressive retinal atrophy
B. Anterior lens luxation
C. Posterior lens luxation 
 D. Anterior uveitis
 E. Incipient cataract

Answer 19

B. Anterior lens luxation