Random Fracture Knowledge Flashcards

(48 cards)

1
Q

What is the minimum number of X-ray views necessary for trauma to the osseous system?

A

Two views at right angles

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2
Q

What is the number one location for an occult fracture in the human body?

A

Scaphoid

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3
Q

What areas of the osseous system requires 3 views minimum when dealing with trauma?

A

Ankle and wrist

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4
Q

What is there name of the fracture that involves buckling of the cortex?

A

Torus

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5
Q

What is the term for the fracture of the cortex that doesn’t go completely through due to the cartilaginous nature of a child’s bone?

A

Greenstick fracture

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6
Q

What is the type of fracture that has more than 2 pieces?

A

Comminuted

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7
Q

What is the type of fracture that breaks the skin?

A

Open

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8
Q

What type of force causes a transverse fracture?

A

Tension or angulation

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9
Q

What type of force causes an oblique fracture?

A

Compression

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10
Q

What type of force causes a spiral fracture?

A

Rotation

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11
Q

What type of fracture is caused by angulation and compression combined?

A

Transverse and oblique fracture

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12
Q

Oblique fractures run at approximately what degree level of the long axis of bone?

A

45

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13
Q

The spatial relationship of fractures is relative to what part of the bone?

A

Distal aspect

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14
Q

What are the three ways in which the spatial relationships of fractures are assessed?

A

Alignment, apposition, rotation

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15
Q

What way of assessing the spatial relationship of a fracture involves describes the closeness of the bony contact at the fracture site?

A

Apposition (aka direction)

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16
Q

What way of assessing the spatial relationship of a fracture involves describes the overall bend (direction and degree of angulation)?

A

Alignment

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17
Q

What is the most common type of Salter-Harris injury?

A

Salter Type II

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18
Q

Which type of Salter injury involves a fracture through the physis and epiphysis?

A

Type III

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19
Q

Which type of Salter injury involves a complete shear injury through just the physis (cartilage)?

A

Type I

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20
Q

Which type of Salter injury involves a fracture through the physis and metaphysis?

A

Type II (most common)

21
Q

Which type of Salter injury involves a compression fracture of the physis?

22
Q

Which type of Salter injury involves a fracture of the physis, metaphysis, and epiphysis?

23
Q

What is the name of the fragment that sometimes appears with a Type II Salter injury?

A

Thursten-Holland fragment

24
Q

What is the most common location for a Salter type II injury?

A

Distal end of radius

25
What is the common location for a Salter type III injury?
Ankles
26
What is the second most common type of a Salter injury?
Salter type IV
27
What can happen to a bone when the growth plate is damaged?
1 grow longer or 2 stay shorter
28
What are the age ranges for increased incidence of fracture among males?
2nd and 3rd decades (teens to 20s) then will decrease by 45 years of age then increased again after 65 years
29
What are the age ranges for increased incidence of fracture among females?
Highest up to 30 years of age then decreases to 45 where it begins to steadily increase due to menopause
30
What is the most common FOOSH fracture for those under 5 years of age?
Supracondylar fracture
31
What is the most common FOOSH fracture for those 5-10 years of age?
Transverse radial metaphysis
32
What is the most common FOOSH injury for those 10-16 years of age?
Epiphyseal separation of radius
33
What is the most common FOOSH injury for those 16-35 years of age?
Scaphoid (and other carpals)
34
What is the most common FOOSH injury for those 40-70 years of age?
Colles or ulna
35
What is the most common FOOSH injury for those over 70 years of age?
Surgical neck humerus
36
What is the most common overall fracture in the elderly spine?
Thoracolumbar compression fracture
37
What is the most common fracture in the extremities of the elderly?
Proximal femur
38
What are the 4 most common fracture sites in the elderly?
Thoracolumbar compression fracture, proximal femur, distal radius, proximal humerus
39
The indirect sign of displacement or obliteration of the fat stripe is most beneficial for what location of a fracture?
Elbow
40
What is the FBI sign?
Fat blood interface (intracapsular fat-fluid level)
41
What is the term for fat seen inside of the capsule upon X-ray? Outside?
``` Inside = FBI sign Outside = fat stripe ```
42
What does a double cortical line indicate?
Impaction fracture
43
What is another name for the FBI sign?
Lipohaemarthrosis
44
How do the rates of fracture repair vary from infants to adolescents to adults?
``` Infants = 4-6 weeks Adolescents = 6-8 weeks Adults = 10-12 weeks, sometimes 16-20 ```
45
What are the three phases of fracture repair?
1 inflammatory 2 reparative/metabolic 3 remolding
46
Which phase of fracture repair involves the idea of Wolf's Law?
Remodling phase
47
Which phase of fracture repair involves callus formation and is seen as fuzzy upon X-ray?
Reparative/metabolic
48
Which phase of fracture repair would involves the first initial days after injury?
Inflammatory