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Diagnostic Imaging II Exam Two > Random Fracture Knowledge > Flashcards

Random Fracture Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What is the minimum number of X-ray views necessary for trauma to the osseous system?

A

Two views at right angles

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2
Q

What is the number one location for an occult fracture in the human body?

A

Scaphoid

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3
Q

What areas of the osseous system requires 3 views minimum when dealing with trauma?

A

Ankle and wrist

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4
Q

What is there name of the fracture that involves buckling of the cortex?

A

Torus

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5
Q

What is the term for the fracture of the cortex that doesn’t go completely through due to the cartilaginous nature of a child’s bone?

A

Greenstick fracture

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6
Q

What is the type of fracture that has more than 2 pieces?

A

Comminuted

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7
Q

What is the type of fracture that breaks the skin?

A

Open

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8
Q

What type of force causes a transverse fracture?

A

Tension or angulation

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9
Q

What type of force causes an oblique fracture?

A

Compression

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10
Q

What type of force causes a spiral fracture?

A

Rotation

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11
Q

What type of fracture is caused by angulation and compression combined?

A

Transverse and oblique fracture

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12
Q

Oblique fractures run at approximately what degree level of the long axis of bone?

A

45

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13
Q

The spatial relationship of fractures is relative to what part of the bone?

A

Distal aspect

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14
Q

What are the three ways in which the spatial relationships of fractures are assessed?

A

Alignment, apposition, rotation

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15
Q

What way of assessing the spatial relationship of a fracture involves describes the closeness of the bony contact at the fracture site?

A

Apposition (aka direction)

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16
Q

What way of assessing the spatial relationship of a fracture involves describes the overall bend (direction and degree of angulation)?

A

Alignment

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17
Q

What is the most common type of Salter-Harris injury?

A

Salter Type II

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18
Q

Which type of Salter injury involves a fracture through the physis and epiphysis?

A

Type III

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19
Q

Which type of Salter injury involves a complete shear injury through just the physis (cartilage)?

A

Type I

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20
Q

Which type of Salter injury involves a fracture through the physis and metaphysis?

A

Type II (most common)

21
Q

Which type of Salter injury involves a compression fracture of the physis?

22
Q

Which type of Salter injury involves a fracture of the physis, metaphysis, and epiphysis?

23
Q

What is the name of the fragment that sometimes appears with a Type II Salter injury?

A

Thursten-Holland fragment

24
Q

What is the most common location for a Salter type II injury?

A

Distal end of radius

25
Q

What is the common location for a Salter type III injury?

26
Q

What is the second most common type of a Salter injury?

A

Salter type IV

27
Q

What can happen to a bone when the growth plate is damaged?

A

1 grow longer or 2 stay shorter

28
Q

What are the age ranges for increased incidence of fracture among males?

A

2nd and 3rd decades (teens to 20s) then will decrease by 45 years of age then increased again after 65 years

29
Q

What are the age ranges for increased incidence of fracture among females?

A

Highest up to 30 years of age then decreases to 45 where it begins to steadily increase due to menopause

30
Q

What is the most common FOOSH fracture for those under 5 years of age?

A

Supracondylar fracture

31
Q

What is the most common FOOSH fracture for those 5-10 years of age?

A

Transverse radial metaphysis

32
Q

What is the most common FOOSH injury for those 10-16 years of age?

A

Epiphyseal separation of radius

33
Q

What is the most common FOOSH injury for those 16-35 years of age?

A

Scaphoid (and other carpals)

34
Q

What is the most common FOOSH injury for those 40-70 years of age?

A

Colles or ulna

35
Q

What is the most common FOOSH injury for those over 70 years of age?

A

Surgical neck humerus

36
Q

What is the most common overall fracture in the elderly spine?

A

Thoracolumbar compression fracture

37
Q

What is the most common fracture in the extremities of the elderly?

A

Proximal femur

38
Q

What are the 4 most common fracture sites in the elderly?

A

Thoracolumbar compression fracture, proximal femur, distal radius, proximal humerus

39
Q

The indirect sign of displacement or obliteration of the fat stripe is most beneficial for what location of a fracture?

40
Q

What is the FBI sign?

A

Fat blood interface (intracapsular fat-fluid level)

41
Q

What is the term for fat seen inside of the capsule upon X-ray? Outside?

A 
Inside = FBI sign
Outside = fat stripe
42
Q

What does a double cortical line indicate?

A

Impaction fracture

43
Q

What is another name for the FBI sign?

A

Lipohaemarthrosis

44
Q

How do the rates of fracture repair vary from infants to adolescents to adults?

A 
Infants = 4-6 weeks
Adolescents = 6-8 weeks
Adults = 10-12 weeks, sometimes 16-20
45
Q

What are the three phases of fracture repair?

A

1 inflammatory 2 reparative/metabolic 3 remolding

46
Q

Which phase of fracture repair involves the idea of Wolf’s Law?

A

Remodling phase

47
Q

Which phase of fracture repair involves callus formation and is seen as fuzzy upon X-ray?

A

Reparative/metabolic

48
Q

Which phase of fracture repair would involves the first initial days after injury?

A

Inflammatory

Diagnostic Imaging II Exam Two (4 decks)

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