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CE BOARD > RANDOM FORMULAS/TERMS > Flashcards

RANDOM FORMULAS/TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

Deals with
understanding the causes of accidents
at work and ways to prevent unsafe
acts and unsafe conditions in any
workplace.

A

Occupational Safety

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2
Q

A broad
concept which explains how the
different hazards and risks at work
may cause an illness and emphasizes
that health programs are essential in
controlling work related and/or
occupational diseases.

A

Occupational Health

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3
Q

The principle used in equations related to the deformation of axially loaded material

A

Hooke’s Law

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4
Q

It is the force which determines whether the body will be in equilibrium or will have a varying state of motion

A

Resultant

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5
Q

The ratio of the lateral to the longitudinal strain constant

A

Poissons’s Ratio

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6
Q

It is the constant proportionality that defines the linear relationship between stress and strain

A

Young’s Modulus

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7
Q

The stress is proportional to the strain within the elastic region

A

Hooke’s Law

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8
Q

A structural member that has the ratio of its least lateral dimension of not less than 3 and is used primarily to support axial load

A

Column

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9
Q

Retarding force acting opposite of the body in motion

A

Kinetic Friction

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10
Q

Term for the value beyond which the stress is no longer proportional to the strain

A

Proportional limit

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11
Q

Materials which have the same composition or compression at any point

A

Homogenous

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12
Q

Property of a material that enables it to undergo large permanent strains before failue

A

Ductility

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13
Q

Described as the loss of stress that takes place with the passage of time as concrete is held at a constant strain

A

Relaxation

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14
Q

Ability of a material to absorb energy in the elastic range

A

Resilience/ Modulus of Resilience

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15
Q

Ability of a material to absorb energy in the plastic range or rupture/fracture point

A

Toughness/ Modulus of Toughness

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16
Q

Property of a material which makes it return to its original dimension when the load is removed

A

Elasticity

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17
Q

Point on which the resultant of the resistance to the applied lateral force acts

A

Center of rigidity

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18
Q

Distance between the Center of rigidity and center of mass

A

Eccentricity

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19
Q

Ability of a material to deform/defuse in the plastic range without breaking

A

Ductility

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20
Q

Refers to flexibility of a structure

A

Inverse of stiffness

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21
Q

The material deforms considerable even with the slight increase in stress

A

Yielding

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22
Q

Measured by seismometer

A

Ground displacement

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23
Q

One in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above

A

Soft story

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24
Q

A lateral displacement of one level relative to the level above or below is called

A

Story Drift

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25
Q

Sudden drop in the shear strength of soil

A

Liquefaction

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26
Q

It is a point through which the applied seismic force acts

A

Center of Mass

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27
Q

The material has the same composition at every point but the elastic may not be the same in all direction

A

Orthotropic

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27
Q

Besides epicenter it described the location of the earthquake

A

Focal Depth

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28
Q

It is measured by the Richter scale

A

Magnitude

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29
Q

A material subjected to repeated cycles of stress or strain, it causes structure to breakdown ultimately leading to fracture

A

Fatigue

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30
Q

Causes the material to continue to deform until fracture due to supporting a load for a long period of time

A

Creep

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31
Q

Condition of material to break down and deform permanently even due to slight increase in stress above elastic limit

A

Plasticity

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32
Q

Occurs when the structures center of mass does not coincide with its center of rigidity

A

Torsion

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33
Q

Stress at failure

A

Rupture strength

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34
Q

Ratio between volume of water and volume of voids

A

Degree of saturation

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35
Q

Weight of water to the weight of solids

A

Water content

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36
Q

Happens when there is lowering of water table

A

Decrease in lateral pressure

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37
Q

Value of surface tension at normal room temperature

A

0.064 N/m

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38
Q

The discharge passing a given cross section is constant with time

A

Steady Flow

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39
Q

Volume of liquid passing a cross section of a stream

A

Discharge

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40
Q

A ship floating is stable if metacentric height is

A

Above the center of gravity

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41
Q

If with steady flow the average velocity at every cross section is same in that reach, the flow is

A

Uniform

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42
Q

The NSCP provides that the slope of a cut surface shall be no steeper than safe for intended use and shall be no steeper than

A

1 vertical to 2 horizontal

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43
Q

The component of shear strength of a rock or soil that inter particle friction is called

A

Cohesion

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44
Q

Acording to USCS, soil particle greater than 75 mm is called

A

Cobbles

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45
Q

A cohesive soil deposit is considered soft if the unconfined compression strength in KPa is between

A

24 to 48

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46
Q

A pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly is referred to as

A

Water Hammer

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47
Q

Temperature when water has maximum unit weight

A

4 degree celsius (1000kg/m3)

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48
Q

When path of individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated network is called

A

Turbulent

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49
Q

Fraction of soil passing which sieve number for Atterberg limit test

A

Sieve No. 40

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50
Q

A granular soil deposit is considered medium if the blow count of a standard penetration test is between

A

10-30

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51
Q

when at any instant, the number of particles passing every section of the stream are always equal

A

Continuous Flow

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52
Q

What would happen if the ground water table will be at the ground level

A

Decrease in vertical pressure

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53
Q

A line of joining the points of the highest elevation of water in series of vertical open pipes rising from a pipelines in which water flows in pressure

A

Hydraulic gradient

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54
Q

It is an abrupt rise in water surface which results from retarding water flowing at lower stage

A

Hydraulic jump

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55
Q

Most used property in soil properties

A

Void Ratio

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56
Q

A device used to determine the undrained shear strength of the soil which consist of four equal-sized thin steel plates

A

Shear Vane

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57
Q

Wave at a point where the water depth is equal to 1/2 the wavelength or greater to be expressed in terms of parameters of significant waves

A

Deep Water Wave

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58
Q

Inform and advice road users of directions, distances, routes, the location services, and points of interest

A

Guide sign

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59
Q

A continous structure built parallel to along the margin of the sea or alongside river where vessel may lie along side to receive o discharge cargo or disembark passenger s or lie at rest.

A

Wharf

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60
Q

Messages when painted on pavement is limited to how many words only

A

2 or less

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61
Q

Two angles whos sum is 360 degrees

A

Conjugate angle

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62
Q

Ratio of wave heigth to wavelength

A

Steepness

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63
Q

Formula sum of exponents

A

(sum exp inside)(n+t-1Ct)

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64
Q

Triangle circumscribing a circle

A

Area = rs

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65
Q

Triangle circumscribe by circle

A

Area = (abc)/4R

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66
Q

Sum of diagonals

A

(n/2)(n-3)

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67
Q

Area of Quadlirateral(diagonal)

A

A= 0.5(d1)(d2)sin(theta)

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68
Q

Formula for parallelogram

A

(d1)^2 +(d2)^2 = 2(a^2 +b^2)

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69
Q

Volume and Area of tetrahedron

A

V = (a^3)/6sqrt(2) : A = (a^2)sqrt(3)

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70
Q

Area of polar(integral)

A

(0.5)INTEGRAL(r^2)

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71
Q

Law of Cooling

A

T = Tm +Ce^(kt)

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72
Q

DBM

A

K = 1- nth root of (SV/FC)

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73
Q

DDBM

A

0 - FC; 1 - FC(1-2/n)

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74
Q

CC

A

FC + (FC-SV) or Mainte/(1+i)^k -1

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75
Q

Correction for Distances

A

Cd = (MD/TL)(error)

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76
Q

Correction for sag

A

(W^2L^3)/(24P^2)

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77
Q

Probable Error single measurement

A

0.6745(Sx)

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78
Q

Rate of Accident (Highway)

A

(# 100M)/(L N 365 ADT)

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79
Q

Impact factor

A

e + f =(v^2)/(gR)

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80
Q

Radius of Vertical Summit SSD

A

S^2/2(sqrtH1 + sqrtH2)^2

81
Q

Vertical Sag L>S

A

L = (AS^2)/(122 + 3.5 S)

82
Q

Horizontal Curve L>SD

A

R = (S^2)/8M

83
Q

Horizontal Curve L<SD

A

R= (2SL - L^2)/8M

84
Q

y (Dist from Ts to any point in Tangent)

A

L - (L^5)/(40 R^2 Ls^2)

85
Q

Length of Spiral given velocity

A

Ls = (0.036V^3)/R

86
Q

Centroid of parabolic shape from base

A

(1/3) of heigth

87
Q

Rigidity of of Axial

A

AE

88
Q

What is stiffness

A

Force or Moment/Deformation Rotation

89
Q

Shape factor

A

Mp/Me or Z/S

90
Q

Shear Flow

A

R/S or VQ/I

91
Q

M/I is equivalent to

A

E/rho(radius of curvature)

92
Q

Max y for simply supported beam supporting point load

A

(Pb*(3L^2 - 4b^2))/48EI

93
Q

Max y for simply supported beam supporting uniform load

A

(5wL^4)/384EI

94
Q

Allowable concrete stress

A

0.45 f’c

95
Q

Allowable steel stress if Fy= 420 MPa

A

170 Mpa

96
Q

Cracking Stress

A

fr = 0.62f’c

97
Q

Modulus of elasticity of light weight concrete

A

0.043 (f’c^1.5) sqrt(f’c)

98
Q

Cmax

A

(3/7) d

99
Q

Av min with f’c

A

(0.062 sqrt(f’c) bw S)/fyt

100
Q

Av min without f’c

A

(0.36 bw S)/fyt

101
Q

Shear capacity of concrete

A

0.17 sqrt(f’c) bw d

102
Q

Spacing formula for design of shear reinforcement

A

S= (Av fyt bw d)/ Vs

103
Q

complex number exponential form

A

re^(theta i)

104
Q

complex number trigonometric form

A

rcos(theta) + ir sin(theta)

105
Q

period formula

A

P = 2pi/B

106
Q

Median of triangle

A

4Ma^2 = 2c^2 + 2b^2 - a^2

107
Q

Perimeter of ellipse

A

P= 2pi sqrt((a^2 + b^2)/2)

108
Q

Volume of Spherical segment 1 Base

A

V = ((pi h^2)/3) (3R-h)

109
Q

Volume of Spherical segment 2 Base

A

V = ((pi h)/6) (3a^2 +3b^2 + h^2)

110
Q

Spherical zone area

A

2 pi r h

111
Q

Latus rectum of parabola

A

LR= 4a

112
Q

Exact DE solution Value of K(y)

A

INTEGRAL(N- partial(INTEG of M)) dy

113
Q

Correction to slope

A

h^2 / 2S

114
Q

Hcr

A

0,0675k^2

115
Q

SD (Stadia method)

A

SD = (f/i)s cos(theta) +f+c

116
Q

Sx

A

sigma x (n-1) (sample deviation)

117
Q

Relative precision

A

RP = PE/mpv

118
Q

Weight

A

1/ PE^2

119
Q

MPV

A

average or Sum xW/W

120
Q

Density

A

Vehicles/Length

121
Q

Kjam

A

4qmax/Free flow

122
Q

Peak hour Factor

A

sum of vehicles/(Max Xmin volume/ Xminute) *60 minute

123
Q

Frog number

A

HL/HS or 0.5cot(theta/2)

124
Q

Design of Pavement center dowel

A

sqrt(3W/4f)

125
Q

Stopping SD

A

SSD= Vitr + (Vi^2)/(2g)(f+-G_

126
Q

Vertical Sag R

A

R= (V^2)/6.5

127
Q

Prismoidal Correction

A

L/12 (H1-H2)(C1-C2)

128
Q

Deflection at any point X of cantilever beam

A

yEI= ((Px^2)/6) (3a - x) (fr. 0 to a)

129
Q

Spacing for spiral column

A

S= (4As (Dc - db))/ DC^2 *rhossteel (FR. 25 - 75)

130
Q

Wide beam shear stress

A

Vu/(0.75 bw d)

131
Q

Pressure of Footing (Axial & Moment) if e actual > L/6

A

q= 2P/3aWidth

131
Q

Purlins with sagrods 1 and 2

A

1/32 and 1/90 wL^2

132
Q

Allowable buckling Axial load (Eulers)

A

(pi^2 EI) / (KL)^2

133
Q

Allowable shear stress of steel

A

0.3Fu

133
Q

Allowable bearing stress of steel

A

1.2Fu

134
Q

Block Shear

A

P= 0.3FuAv + 0.5FuAt

135
Q

Strenght based on Yielding

A

P = 0.6Fy Ag

136
Q

Summation of errors

A

Esum = sqrt(squred of individual errors)

137
Q

Product of errors (sample in Areas)

A

Ep= sqrt((b ERROR a)^2 +(a ERROR b)^2)

138
Q

Service rate

A

(Time interval)/meter cycle

139
Q

Benefit cost ratio

A

P Income/ P capital

140
Q

Mean value thorem

A

F’c = (f(b) - f(a)) / (b-a)

141
Q

Sum of roots

A

SOR= -b/a

142
Q

Product of roots

A

POR= constant/ coeff of highest exp

143
Q

Area of common shapes given sides

A

A= ns^2 / 4tan(180/n)

144
Q

HP to Watts

A

1 HP = 746 watts

145
Q

Metacentric height

A

MG = MB - GB (if stable)

146
Q

MB formula floating boadies

A

MB = I/Vd

147
Q

Height of paraboloid in rotating vessel

A

Y= w^2x^2 / 2g

148
Q

Rectangular weir

A

Q= (2/3)C sqrt(2gH) ((H+Hv)^(3/2) - Hv^(3/2))

149
Q

Triangular weir

A

Q= (8/15)Csqrt(2gH) tan(theta/2)H^(5/2)

150
Q

Triangular weir if 90°

A

Q= 1.4H^(5/2)

151
Q

Cipolleti weir (4V:1H)

A

Q= 1.859H^(5/2)

152
Q

Volume of paraboloid

A

V= (pi r^2 h) /2

153
Q

Reynolds number

A

Re = (Diameter Vavg)/kinetic viscosity ; K viscosity = dynamic viscosity/rho

154
Q

Friction factor if laminar

A

f= 64/Re

155
Q

coefficient of friction if turbulent

A

f= 0.3164/ 4th root of(Re)

156
Q

Celerity of non rigid pipe

A

C = sqrt( Eb / (rho(1+ (Eb d / Es t))))

157
Q

Time of closure

A

Tc = 2L/Celerity

158
Q

Pressure in water hammer

A

P = rho C velocity

159
Q

Composite bulk of elasticity

A

Inverse(Ec) = inverse(Eb) + d/Es t

160
Q

Hydraulic jump

A

Fs1 + Fd1 = Fs2 + Fd2

161
Q

Hydro dynamics

A

Fs= rho Q Velocity

162
Q

Boundary shear stress

A

To = Rh gamma slope

163
Q

Froudes number

A

FN = sqrt( T Q^2 / A^3 g)

164
Q

Terzhagi equation

A

qu= 1.3CNc + Df gamma Nq + 0.4 B gamma Ngamma

165
Q

Radius of summit curve

A

R = L/ (g1 - g2)

166
Q

Main bar spacing(minimum)

A

Largest of (4/3) Agg size ; db ; 25 mm

167
Q

Dimensions are adequate in shear if Vs is less than Vsmax of:

A

Vs max = 0.66sqrt(f’c) bw d

168
Q

Load factor

A

LF = (W/Lm^3)/(W/Bm^3)

169
Q

Shrinkage factor

A

SF = (W/Bm^3)/(W/CM^3)

170
Q

Bank volume and compacted volume

A

BV = (cubic meter)(Load factor) ; CV = BV(Shrinkage factor)

171
Q

Adjusted rate of inflation

A

If = i + f + i f

172
Q

adj rate due to inflation

A

I adj. = (io - f)/(1+f)

173
Q

Lenght of overhang for least possible moment

A

X= ((sqrt(2) - 1)/ 2 ) L

174
Q

Eulers buckling load and stress

A

Pe = (pi^2 E Imin)/(KL)^2 Fe = (pi^2 E)/(Srmax)^2

175
Q

Moment equation and shear for propped beam with support at end plastic analysis

A

Mp = ((3-2√2) / 2) wL^2 Vp = (2-√2)wL

176
Q

Plastic moment if fixed qt both ends

A

Mp = (1/16) wL^2

177
Q

Reaction at overhang support of cantilever beam

A

P = (3/8)wL

178
Q

Volume of spherical triangle

A

V= (pi r^3)E/540°

179
Q

Reduce live load (must be greater than 0.5LL)

A

Lo = L( 0.25 + 4.57/Atotal)

180
Q

Deep water waves breaks when

A

H = L/7

181
Q

Deepwater wave Period (d > 0.5 L)

A

T= (2pi/g) V

182
Q

Deepwater wave length (d> 0.5L)

A

L = (2pi/g) V^2

183
Q

Critical web yielding stress

A

N + 2.5k

184
Q

If two vectors are perpendicular to each other their dot product is

A

0

185
Q

If two vectors are parallel their cross product is

A

0

186
Q

AVR (air void ratio)

A

AVR = (e - Se)/(1+e)

187
Q

Hydraulic gradient critical

A

icr = (Gs-1)/(1+e)

188
Q

Capillary height

A

h= C/eD10

189
Q

Seepage force

A

F = i gamma water

190
Q

Mas shear stress at hollow circular

A

Vstress = 2V/A

191
Q

Residual water level

A

RWL= k(HWL-LWL) + LWL where k is 2/3 for pile and 1/3 for gravity type

192
Q

Length of wave

A

L = V T(period)

193
Q

Velocity of long wave

A

V= √(gd)

194
Q

Velocity of shallow wave

A

V = (gT / 2 pi) tanh(2 pi d/L)

195
Q

Velocity of deep wave

A

V = (gT)/2 pi

196
Q

Palnned water depth

A

PWD = draft + DLT + allowance (0.5)

197
Q

Half life of c-14

A

5730

198
Q

Standard time

A

ST = (1+allowance) Rating HIGHEST OT

199
Q

Swell

A

Swell % = 1/LF

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