Random facts. Flashcards
Sympathetic chain ganglia at the levels…………. have both white and gray communicating rami, but the sympathetic chain ganglia above and below those levels have only……… communicating rami.
T1-L2
gray
The origin and course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve within the thorax means that the left recurrent laryngeal may be injured by……………….. The resulting persistent hoarseness is sometimes the first sign of disease!
intrathoracic lesions (ex: metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma, aortic aneurysms) or also may be injured in the neck.
A lesion of a phrenic nerve results in paradoxical movement of the paralyzed……………… during inspiration.
hemidiaphragm
Irritation of the diaphragmatic pleura or diaphragmatic peritoneum may cause referred pain to the ipsilateral shoulder. That is because the skin of the shoulder receives innervation from the……………….. nerves, which also contains nerve fibers from C3,4.
supraclavicular
Note that the…………. primary bronchus is wider and more vertically oriented than the left, making an inhaled foreign object more likely to enter here.
Right
At the bifurcation of the trachea, the last tracheal cartilage sends a process, called the…………., posteriorly between the primary bronchi.
carina
* On an internal view of the bifurcation through a bronchoscope, the carina forms a ridge between the openings of the primary bronchi.
Distortion or deviation of the carina to one side during a bronchoscopic evaluation suggests the presence of a space occupying lesion within the thorax. What is the example they gave in the dissector?
bronchogenic carcinoma that has metastasized to tracheobronchial lymph nodes.
The carina is covered by sensitive mucous membrane, and contact with an aspirated foreign object stimulates the cough reflex in an attempt to expel it from the airways. The general visceral afferent fibers of the cough reflex are part of the……………. nerves.
vagus
