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Diagnostic Imaging: Exam 3 (Tumors) > Random Facts > Flashcards

Random Facts Flashcards

1
Q

MC form of CA?

A

Metastatic Disease

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2
Q

What is Metastatic Disease?

A

Cancer that develops from somewhere else in the body.

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3
Q

What percentage of malignancies come from Metastatic Disease?

A

75%

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4
Q

What is the MC primary malignant tumor in adults?

A

Multiple Myeloma

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5
Q

Where does multiple myeloma originate from?

A

bone

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6
Q

what is the MC primary malignant tumor in kids?

A

osteosarcoma

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7
Q

where does an osteosarcoma originate from?

A

bone

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8
Q

What is the MC benign osseous tumor?

A

osteochondroma

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9
Q

what is the MC benign spinal tumor?

A

hemangioma

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10
Q

what is the MC tumor of bone, that does not originate in the bone?

A

Leukemia

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11
Q

What type of marrow do tumors MC grow in?

A

red bone marrow

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12
Q

where is red marrow located?

A

axial skeleton. – when we are born, all bones contain red marrow, as we age, it changes to yellow (fatty marrow). The change begins in the hands and feet.

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13
Q

what does neoplasia mean?

A

new, uncontrolled growth of cells.

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14
Q

Most bone neoplasia have a certain predilection to involve certain areas of body, what are those areas?

A
  1. Hemopoietic tissue ( red blood cell forming tissue)
  2. notochordal remnants
  3. areas of rapid bone growth
  4. abundance of interosseous nerves
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15
Q

what is the only type of tumor to form in the end of the bone (the epiphyseal region)

A

chondroblastoma

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16
Q

3 types of bone destruction

A
  1. geographic
  2. moth-eaten
  3. permeative
17
Q

Which types of bone destruction indicate a malignant tumor?

A

Moth-eaten and permeative

18
Q

What are the characteristics of geographic bone destruction? (5)

A
  1. least aggressive pattern
  2. usually a solitary lesion > 1cm
  3. indicative of a slow growing lesion
  4. short zone of transition
  5. margin is well defined, can be smooth or lobulated

NOTE: if a geographic is not well defined, it may be aggressive and malignant. If it is well defined, it is a “leave me alone”

19
Q

Characteristics of Moth-eaten bone pattern (4)

A
  1. moderate degree of aggressiveness
  2. numerous small holes (2-5 mm)
  3. *longer zone of transition ( geographic pattern has short)
  4. margins are not well defined ( geographic lesions are well defined)
20
Q

Characteristics of Permeative Bone Destruction (4)

A
  1. Most aggressive growing lesion
  2. numerous small holes (1 mm)– moth eaten has larger holes.
  3. wide zone of transition
  4. poorly demarcated or imperceptible boarders
21
Q

Cortical changes that indicate a tumor (5)

A
  1. buttressing/ thickening
  2. endosteal scalloping
  3. splitting or tunneling
  4. thinning with or without expansion
  5. penetration with or without periosteal reaction
22
Q

Patterns of Periosteal Reactions (5)

A
  1. buttressing
  2. single layer
  3. multiple layer (onion skinning)
  4. spiculated
  5. Codman’s triangle
23
Q

What is the most aggressive form of periosteal reactions?

A

Codman’s Triangle

24
Q

What is a complex periosteal reaction?

A

has multiple types of periosteal reactions happening.

25
Q

What is buttressing?- what is it’s AKA, what type of lesion is it associated with?

A

Buttressing Periosteal Reaction: AKA solid periosteal reaction.

  • when additional layers of new bone are ADDED to the exterior, creating an expanded osseous contour.
  • usually associated with SLOW growing lesions.
26
Q

What are Laminated/Layered/ Onion skin Periosteal Reactions?

A
  • multiple layers of new layers of bone
  • alternating layers of lucency and opacity with growth
  • can be thin or thick.
27
Q

What type of lesion is a Laminated reaction associated with?

A

Can be seen with slow or aggressive lesions.

Commonly assiciated with Ewing’s sarcoma

28
Q

What type of lesion is classically associated with Ewing’s Sarcoma?

A

Laminated lesion

29
Q

What is a Spiculated lesion, and what is it commonly associated with?

A

when perpendicular to bone: “hair on end”
when radiating from a single point: “sunburst
-often associated with highly aggressive lesions like Osteosarcoma

30
Q

What is Codman’s Triangle, and what is it commonly associated with?

A

triangular elevation of periosteum seen at the peripheral lesion-cortex junction.

  • it is one of the most aggressive forms of periosteal reactions
  • may also be seen with benign tumors, infections or other disorders.
31
Q

What are the 6 Categories of a Tumor Matrix?

A
  1. osseous
  2. fibrous
  3. vascular
  4. muscular
  5. cartilaginous
  6. other
32
Q

Which types of tumor matrix will look like a hole in the bone on xray?

A

firbous, vascular, muscular, cartilaginous.

all types but osseous, because that will just look like bone

33
Q

What are the tumors with a cartilage matrix?

A
  1. enchondroma
  2. osteochondroma
  3. chondroblastoma
  4. chrondomyxoid fibroma
  5. chondrosarcoma
34
Q

what are the 3 types of appearances that cartilaginous tumors can have?

A
  1. ring or arc like (c-shape inside a hole in bone)
  2. flocculent–combo of rings and dots
  3. small crystals–white dots

Diagnostic Imaging: Exam 3 (Tumors) (2 decks)

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