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Random drugs Flashcards

1
Q

TB drugs:

A

Isoniazid (first line; Pyridoxine (Vit B6 used to prevent liver damage)

Rifampin

Other first line drugs:
Pyrazinamide
Streptomycin (antibiotic)
Ethambutol

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2
Q

Ephedra (Ma Huang):

Use

A

Diet aid
Athletic Enhancer
Nasal decongestant

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3
Q

Ephedra (Ma Huang):

Interactions and toxicity

A
  • Interaction with MAOIs–> serotonin syndrome
  • Sympathomimetic effects
  • Catecholamine depletion with long-term use–> hemodynamic instability
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4
Q

Ephedra (Ma Huang):

time d/c before surgery

A

24 hours

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5
Q

Garlic:

Use

A

Antiplatelet
Hypertension
hyperlipidemia

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6
Q

Garlic:

Interactions and toxicity

A

Increased bleed risk (4 G’s increase bleeding)

decreased serum glucose

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7
Q

Garlic:

time d/c before surgery

A

7 days

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8
Q

Ginger:

use

A

Nausea

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9
Q

Ginger:

Interactions and toxicity

A

Increased bleeding risk

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10
Q

Ginkgo Biloba:

use

A

Anti-aging

poor circulation

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11
Q

Ginkgo Biloba:

Interactions and toxicity

A

increased bleed risk

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12
Q

Ginkgo Biloba:

time d/c before surgery

A

36 hours

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13
Q

Ginseng:

use

A

Antioxidant

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14
Q

Ginseng:

Interactions and toxicity

A
  • Increases bleeding risk
  • Enhances SNS effects of sympathomimetics
  • May cause hypoglycemia (risk in fasting patient)
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15
Q

Ginseng:

time to d/c before surgery

A

7 days

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16
Q

Kava Kava:

use

A

Anxiety

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17
Q

Kava Kava:

Interactions and toxicity

A
  • Decreases MAC (increase GABA)

- May prolong duration of anesthetic agents

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18
Q

Kava Kava:

time to d/c before surgery

A

24 hours

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19
Q

Licorice:

use

A

Gastric and duodenal ulcers

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20
Q

Licorice:

Interactions and toxicity

A

Mimic effects of aldosterone (Na+ and H2O retention + decreased K+)
-Can be confused with Conn’s syndrome

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21
Q

Saw Palmetto:

use

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

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22
Q

Saw Palmetto:

Interactions and toxicity

A

Increased bleeding risk

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23
Q

St. John’s Wort:

use

A

depression

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24
Q

St. John’s wort:

Interactions and toxicity

A
  • Induction of CYP3A4 (decreased serum level of warfarin, protease inhibitors, digoxin)
  • Interaction with MAOI’s and meperidine–> serotonin syndrome.
  • May prolong duration of anesthetic agent.
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25
Q

St. John’s wort:

time to d/c before surgery

A

5 days

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26
Q

Valerian:

use

A

Anxiety

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27
Q

Valerian:

Interactions and toxicity

A
  • Decreases MAC (increases GABA)
  • May prolong duration of anesthetic agents
  • Abrupt d/c may cause withdraw (taper over several weeks)
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28
Q

Non-selective alpha 1 blockers

A

phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine

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29
Q

Alpha1 selective blockers

A

Doxazosin and prazosin

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30
Q

Antiarrhythmic class 1a:

A

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopryamide

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31
Q

Antiarrhythmic class 1b:

A

Lidocaine, Phenytoin

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32
Q

Antiarrhythmic class 1c:

A

Flecainide, Propafenone

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33
Q

Cox1 inhibitors:

A

NSAIDS

ASA

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34
Q

Glycoprotein 2b/3a antagonist:

and MOA

A

inhibits plt aggregation via surface receptors

Tirofiban
Eptifibatide (integrillin)
Abciximab (reopro)

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35
Q

Thienopyridine Derivatives:

and MOA

A

inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking ADP transferase.

Clopidogrel
Ticlopidine

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36
Q

Low molecular weight heparin:

and MOA

A

irreversibly inhibits IIa and Xa.

Enoxaparin
Dalteparin
Tinzaparin

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37
Q

Anti vit K drugs:

and MOA

A

warfarin

impairs vit k dependent clotting factors: 2, 7, 9, 10

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38
Q

Thrombolytic agents:

and MOA

A

plasminogen activation.

T-PA
Streptokinase
Alteplase
Urokinase

39
Q

Clopidogrel:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
ADP receptor inhibitor
7 days

40
Q

Ticlopidine:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
ADP receptor inhibitor
14 days

41
Q

Prasugrel:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
ADP receptor inhibitor
2-3 days

42
Q

Ticagrelor:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
ADP receptor inhibitor
1-2 days

43
Q

Abciximab:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
G2b/3a receptor antagonist
3 days

44
Q

Eptifibatide:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
G2b/3a receptor antagonist
1 day

45
Q

Tirofiban:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
G2b/3a receptor antagonist
1 day

46
Q

Aspirin:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
COX1-2 inhibitor
7 days

47
Q

NSAIDS:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
COX1-2 inhibitor
1-2 days

48
Q

Rofecoxib:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
COX 2 inhibitors
None

49
Q

Celecoxib:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Antiplatelet
COX 2 inhibitors
None

50
Q

unfractionated heparins:
class?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Anticoagulant
(Heparins factor 2, 10a)
6 hours

51
Q

low molecular weight heparins:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?
examples of LMWH?

A

Anticoagulant
(heparins factor 2, 10a)
1-2 days

Enoxaparin
Dalteparin
Tinzaparin

52
Q

Hirudin:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Anticoagulant
Thrombin inhibitor
8hrs

53
Q

Argatroban:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Anticoagulant
Thrombin inhibitor
4-6 hours

54
Q

Bivalirudin:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Anticoagulant
Thrombin inhibitor
2-3 hours

55
Q

Fondaparinux:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Anticoagulant
Factor 10 inhibitor
4 days

56
Q

Warfarin:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Anticoagulant
Vit K antagonist (factors 2,7,9,10, protein c/s)
2-4 days

57
Q

tPA:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Fibrinolytic
Plasminogen activator
1 hour

58
Q

Streptokinase:
class/MOA?
time to stop before procedure?

A

Fibrinolytic
Plasminogen activator
3 hours

59
Q

Aminocaproic acid:

Class/MOA

A

Plasminogen activation inhibitor

60
Q

Tranexamic acid:

Class/MOA

A

Plasminogen activation inhibitor

61
Q

Aprotinin:

Class/MOA

A

inhibits plasmin, kvllikrein, thrombin, and protein C

62
Q

DDAVP:

Class/MOA

A

stimulates factor 8 and vWF release

63
Q

Protamine:

Class/MOA

A

reverses heparin

64
Q

Vitamin K:

class/MOA

A

Required for production of factors 2,7,9,10, protein c/s.

reverses the effects of vit k antagonists (warfarin)

65
Q

Acetazolamide:

A

Diuretic: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

used in glaucoma (decreases aqueous humor production)

66
Q

Timolol:

A

non selective beta blocker

used in glaucoma (decreases aqueous humor production)

67
Q

Echothiophate:

A

irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor
used in glaucoma (facilitates aqueous humor drainage)
can prolong such and ester-LA

68
Q

Dopamine antagonists:

A

metaclopramide (reglan)
haloperidol
chlorpromazine
Risperidone

69
Q

Bromocriptine:

A

Dopamine agonist

used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome

70
Q

SSRIs:

A 
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Fluvoxamine
Citalopram
St. John's Wart
(can cause serotonin syndrome)
71
Q

MAOIs:

A

Phenelzine
Tranylcypromine
Selegiline

72
Q

Cyproheptadine:

A

5-HT-3 antagonist

used to treat serotonin syndrome

73
Q

physostigmine:

A

anti cholinesterase

used to treat anticholinergic poisoning

74
Q

Aminophylline:

A

nonselective PDE-I bronchodilator

can increase seizure duration in ECT

75
Q

Lithium:

A

prolongs duration of succ and NDMR

76
Q

Methohexital:

A

Barb

gold standard for ECT

77
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants:

A

“I Am Not”
Imipramine
Amitriptyline
Nortriptyline

78
Q

Selective Norepi Reuptake inhibitors:

A 
"Ven Mil Deluxe" (like Venmo deluxe but mispronounced)
Venlafaxine
Duloxetine
Milnacipran
(can cause serotonin syndrome)
79
Q

Memantine:

A

NMDA antagonist

used to treat complex regional pain syndrome

80
Q

Antibiotics:

Beta-Lactam

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Ampicillin
(allergic reaction most common of all abx)

81
Q

Antibiotics:

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin
Streptomycin
(ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, skeletal muscle weakness)

82
Q

Antibiotics:

Tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline

Hepatotocicity, nephrotoxicity

83
Q

Antibiotics:

Fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
(GI intolerance, tendonitis and tendon rupture)

84
Q

Antibiotics:

Macrolides

A

Erythromycin

P450 inhibition

85
Q

Antibiotics:

Clindamycin

A

skeletal muscle weakness

allergic reactions

86
Q

Antibiotics:

Vancomycin

A

Rapid infusion leads to hypotension
red man syndrome
Steven-johson syndrome

87
Q

Antibiotics:

metronidazole

A

peripheral neuropathy

alcohol intolerance

88
Q

ABX contraindicated in pregnancy:

A

Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Fluoroquinolones
Tetracyclines

89
Q

5HT3 antagonists:

A

Ondansetron 4-8mg
Granisetron 1mg
Doasetron 12.5mg
(PONV)

90
Q

Neurokinin-1 antagonist:

A

Aprepitant (PO) 40mg

PONV

91
Q

Dopamine antagonists:

A 
Droperidol 0.625-1.25mg
Haloperidol 0.5-2mg
Metoclopramide 10-20mg
Prochlorperazine 10mg
(PONV)
92
Q

Antihistamines for PONV:

A

Diphenhydramine 25mg
Hydroxyzine 12.5-25mg
Promethazine 12.5-25mg

93
Q

Anticholinergic for PONV:

A

Scopolamine 1.5mg

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