Random crap from PreTest, RidicSimp & Pathoma

Question 1

Dandy Walker Syndrome

Answer 1

Congenital agenesis of the cerebellar vermis
Cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle
Bulging occipital bone
Upwardly-displaced tentorium and torcula
Absence/atresia of foramina of Magendie and Luschka
Associated with Hydrocephalus (in first year of life), Spina Bifida

Question 2

Arnold Chiari I Malformation

Answer 2

Elongation and displacement of caudal brainstem into the spinal canal
Protrusion of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum

May remain asymptomatic for years
In older kids and young adults, causes ataxia, paresis of lower cranial nerves, progressive vertigo. Rarely - apnea or disordered breathing.

Question 3

Arnold Chiari I Malformation - Treatment

Answer 3

Posterior cervical laminectomy (to relieve cervical cord compression)
Ventriculoperitoneal shunting (associated hydrocephalus)

Question 4

Arnold Chiari II Malformation

Answer 4

Arnold Chiari I + associated lumbar meningomyelocele

90% of these children develop hydrocephalus

Question 5

Arnold Chiari II Malformation - Associated conditions

Answer 5

Aqueductal stenosis
Hydromyelia
Syringomyelia
Cortical dysplasias (leading to epilepsy in 25% of patients)
Latex sensitivity/allergy

Question 6

Arnold Chiari I Malformation - Associated conditions

Answer 6

Minor-to-moderate abnormalities of the skull base:
Basilar impression (platybasia)
Small foramen magnum

May remain asymptomatic for years
In older kids and young adults, causes ataxia, paresis of lower cranial nerves, progressive vertigo. Rarely - apnea or disordered breathing.

Question 7

Syringomyelia

Answer 7

Irregular progression of symptoms throughout development

Central cord syndrome
Regional dissociated sensory loss (pain and temp lost, touch and vibration spared) - Suspended over nape of neck, shoulders, upper arms (cape distribution) or in the hands.
Areflexic weakness in upper limbs

More than half of all cases associated with Chiari I malforamtion

Question 8

Syringomyelia Progression

Answer 8

Unilateral sensory loss in the hand
Injuries and burns not appreciated by patient
Muscle wasting in lower neck, shoulders, arms, hands
Asymmentric or absent reflexes in arms as cavity expands
Spastic leg weakness
Bladder & bowel dysfunction
Horner’s syndrome
Facial numbness, sensory loss (damage to descending trigeminal tract)
Cough-induced headache, neck, arm or facial pain