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IGCSE Biology > Random Crap > Flashcards

Random Crap Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define movement

A

Action by an organism causing a change in position or place

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2
Q

Respiration

A

Chemical reaction in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy

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3
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment

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4
Q

Growth

A

Permanent increase in size

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5
Q

Reproduction

A

Process that makes more of the same kind of organism

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6
Q

Nutrition

A

Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

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7
Q

Function of ciliated cells

A

Movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a region of lower concentration

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9
Q

Osmosis

A

Net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential

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10
Q

Test for starch

A

Iodine - turns blue black

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11
Q

Test for reducing sugars

A

Benedict’s solution - yellow -> bright orange

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12
Q

Test for proteins

A

Biuret test - purple color

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13
Q

Test for fats and oils

A

Ethanol emulsion - cloudy white

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14
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that function as biological catalysts

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15
Q

What’s in a balanced diet (7)

A
  1. Carbs
  2. Fats
  3. Proteins
  4. Vitamins
  5. Mineral salts
  6. Fibre
  7. Water
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16
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking in of substances into the body through the mouth

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17
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of large insoluble molecules down into soluble molecules using chemical and mechanical processes

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18
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of digested food molecules through the walls of the intestines into the blood.

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19
Q

Assimilation

A

Movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cell

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20
Q

Egestion

A

Passing out of food that has not been digested as feces through the anus

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21
Q

Amylase

A

Breaks down starch into simpler sugars

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22
Q

Protease

A

Breaks down protein into amino acids

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23
Q

Lipase

A

Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

24
Q

Bile

A

Neutralizes acids coming from stomach

25
Q

Double circulation

A

Circulation of blood to the lungs and circulation to the body tissue.

26
Q

Test for carbon dioxide

A

Limewater - turns cloudy

27
Q

Word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

28
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy

29
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without oxygen

30
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose -> lactic acid

31
Q

Nerve impulse

A

Electrical signal that passes along nerve cells called neurons

32
Q

Cornea

A

Refracts light

33
Q

Iris

A

Controls how much light enters the pupil

34
Q

Lens

A

Focuses light onto the retina

35
Q

Optic nerve

A

Carries impulses to the brain

36
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical substance produce by a gland that alters the activity in one or more organs

37
Q

Adrenaline

A

Hormone secreted during fight or flight situations

38
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of an internal environment

39
Q

Gravitrophism

A

Response which parts of plant grow towards or away from gravity

40
Q

Phototrophism

A

Plants grow away or towards light

41
Q

Inheritance

A

Transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

42
Q

Chromosome

A

Thread like structure of DNA carrying genetic information in the form of genes

43
Q

Gene

A

Length of dna that has codes for a protein

44
Q

Allele

A

Version of a gene

45
Q

Haploid nucleus

A

Nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes

46
Q

Diploid nucleus

A

Nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes
23 pairs

47
Q

Mitosis

A

Nuclear division giving rise to genetically IDENTICAL cells

48
Q

Meiosis

A

Reduction division where chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid.
Genetically DIFFERENT cells

49
Q

Homozygous

A

Two identical alleles of a particular gene

50
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two different alleles of a particular gene

51
Q

Variation

A

Differences between individuals of the same species

52
Q

Mutation

A

Change in gene or chromosome

53
Q

Producer

A

Makes its own organic nutrients - usually from sun

54
Q

Consumer

A

Gets energy by feeding on other organisms

55
Q

Ecosystem

A

a unit containing all of the organisms and their environment interacting together

56
Q

Tropic level

A

the position of an organism in a food chain or food web

IGCSE Biology (7 decks)

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