Random Crap Flashcards
Define movement
Action by an organism causing a change in position or place
Respiration
Chemical reaction in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy
Sensitivity
Ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment
Growth
Permanent increase in size
Reproduction
Process that makes more of the same kind of organism
Nutrition
Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development
Function of ciliated cells
Movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
Diffusion
Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
Osmosis
Net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential
Test for starch
Iodine - turns blue black
Test for reducing sugars
Benedict’s solution - yellow -> bright orange
Test for proteins
Biuret test - purple color
Test for fats and oils
Ethanol emulsion - cloudy white
Enzymes
Proteins that function as biological catalysts
What’s in a balanced diet (7)
- Carbs
- Fats
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Mineral salts
- Fibre
- Water
Ingestion
Taking in of substances into the body through the mouth
Digestion
Breakdown of large insoluble molecules down into soluble molecules using chemical and mechanical processes
Absorption
Movement of digested food molecules through the walls of the intestines into the blood.
Assimilation
Movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cell
Egestion
Passing out of food that has not been digested as feces through the anus
Amylase
Breaks down starch into simpler sugars
Protease
Breaks down protein into amino acids
Lipase
Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Bile
Neutralizes acids coming from stomach
Double circulation
Circulation of blood to the lungs and circulation to the body tissue.
Test for carbon dioxide
Limewater - turns cloudy
Word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
Aerobic respiration
Chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy
Anaerobic Respiration
Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without oxygen
Word equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose -> lactic acid
Nerve impulse
Electrical signal that passes along nerve cells called neurons
Cornea
Refracts light
Iris
Controls how much light enters the pupil
Lens
Focuses light onto the retina
Optic nerve
Carries impulses to the brain
Hormone
Chemical substance produce by a gland that alters the activity in one or more organs
Adrenaline
Hormone secreted during fight or flight situations
Homeostasis
Maintenance of an internal environment
Gravitrophism
Response which parts of plant grow towards or away from gravity
Phototrophism
Plants grow away or towards light
Inheritance
Transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
Chromosome
Thread like structure of DNA carrying genetic information in the form of genes
Gene
Length of dna that has codes for a protein
Allele
Version of a gene
Haploid nucleus
Nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Diploid nucleus
Nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes
23 pairs
Mitosis
Nuclear division giving rise to genetically IDENTICAL cells
Meiosis
Reduction division where chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid.
Genetically DIFFERENT cells
Homozygous
Two identical alleles of a particular gene
Heterozygous
Two different alleles of a particular gene
Variation
Differences between individuals of the same species
Mutation
Change in gene or chromosome
Producer
Makes its own organic nutrients - usually from sun
Consumer
Gets energy by feeding on other organisms
Ecosystem
a unit containing all of the organisms and their environment interacting together
Tropic level
the position of an organism in a food chain or food web
