random content Flashcards

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1
Q

the Richter scale

A

amount of energy released - magnitude
measured with seismometer
major earthquakes above 5
no limit

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2
Q

mercalli scale

A

measures effects
effects measured by eye witness accounts- words or photos
scale of 1-12

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3
Q

why deposutuoin occurs

A

volume of water decreases
eroded material increase
shallower
river reaches mouth

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4
Q

small bit of land between meanders (ox-bow lakes)

A

the neck

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5
Q

key words- oxbow lakes

A

the neck
high energy- floods
shortest course

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6
Q

waterfall key words

A
hard rock followed by soft rock (underneath aswell)
processes
a "step"
steep drop- called waterfall
undercutting- collapse
collapsed rocks swirl around and erode at foot of waterfall- abrasion
creates deep plunge pool
retreating gorge
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7
Q

floodplain

A

wide valley floor on either side of river which occasionally gets flooded
meanders migrate across floodplain making it wider

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8
Q

levees

A

natural embankments on edge of river channel

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9
Q

discharge

A

volume of water that flows in a river per second- cumecs

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10
Q

strom hydrographs

A

rising limb
lag time
peak discharge
falling limb

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11
Q

flooding reasons- physical

A

prolonged rainfall
heavy rainfall
snowmelt
relief

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12
Q

mechanical weathering

A

breakdown of rock without changing it chemical composition- freeze thaw action

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13
Q

chemical weathering

A

rainwater was dissolved co2- weak carbonic acid

carbonic acid reacts with rocks that contain calcium carbonate- dissolved by rainwater

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14
Q

destructive waves

A

high frequency (10-14 per min)
high and steep
stronger backwash than swash

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15
Q

wave cut platforms

A

waves erode at the bottom of the cliff between low and high tide
wave cut notch
overhang above comes unstable and collapses
material cleared

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16
Q

headland features

A
cracks
caves
arch
stack
stump
17
Q

deposition on coast increases when…

A

there is lots of erosion further down the coast

lots of transportation of material into the area

18
Q

constructive waves

A
low frequency (6-8 waves per min)
low and long
swash is more powerful than backwash
19
Q

beaches

A

collection of sediment between the high and low water mark

20
Q

sand beaches

A

flast and wide

sand can be stretched back down the beach by the backwash

21
Q

shingle beach

A

steep and narrow

backwash cant move big particles back down the beach

22
Q

bay vs lagoon

A

lagoon is behind a bar