random content

Question 1

the Richter scale

Answer 1

amount of energy released - magnitude
measured with seismometer
major earthquakes above 5
no limit

Question 2

mercalli scale

Answer 2

measures effects
effects measured by eye witness accounts- words or photos
scale of 1-12

Question 3

why deposutuoin occurs

Answer 3

volume of water decreases
eroded material increase
shallower
river reaches mouth

Question 4

small bit of land between meanders (ox-bow lakes)

Answer 4

the neck

Question 5

key words- oxbow lakes

Answer 5

the neck
high energy- floods
shortest course

Question 6

waterfall key words

Answer 6

hard rock followed by soft rock (underneath aswell)
processes
a "step"
steep drop- called waterfall
undercutting- collapse
collapsed rocks swirl around and erode at foot of waterfall- abrasion
creates deep plunge pool
retreating gorge

Question 7

floodplain

Answer 7

wide valley floor on either side of river which occasionally gets flooded
meanders migrate across floodplain making it wider

Question 8

levees

Answer 8

natural embankments on edge of river channel

Question 9

discharge

Answer 9

volume of water that flows in a river per second- cumecs

Question 10

strom hydrographs

Answer 10

rising limb
lag time
peak discharge
falling limb

Question 11

flooding reasons- physical

Answer 11

prolonged rainfall
heavy rainfall
snowmelt
relief

Question 12

mechanical weathering

Answer 12

breakdown of rock without changing it chemical composition- freeze thaw action

Question 13

chemical weathering

Answer 13

rainwater was dissolved co2- weak carbonic acid

carbonic acid reacts with rocks that contain calcium carbonate- dissolved by rainwater

Question 14

destructive waves

Answer 14

high frequency (10-14 per min)
high and steep
stronger backwash than swash

Question 15

wave cut platforms

Answer 15

waves erode at the bottom of the cliff between low and high tide
wave cut notch
overhang above comes unstable and collapses
material cleared

Question 16

headland features

Answer 16

cracks
caves
arch
stack
stump

Question 17

deposition on coast increases when…

Answer 17

there is lots of erosion further down the coast

lots of transportation of material into the area

Question 18

constructive waves

Answer 18

low frequency (6-8 waves per min)
low and long
swash is more powerful than backwash

Question 19

beaches

Answer 19

collection of sediment between the high and low water mark

Question 20

sand beaches

Answer 20

flast and wide

sand can be stretched back down the beach by the backwash

Question 21

shingle beach

Answer 21

steep and narrow

backwash cant move big particles back down the beach

Question 22

bay vs lagoon

Answer 22

lagoon is behind a bar