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Flying > Random Commercial > Flashcards

Random Commercial Flashcards

1
Q

Advantages of Fuel Injection

A
  • reduction in evaporative icing (carb ice)
  • better fuel flow
  • faster throttle response
  • precise control of mixture
  • better fuel distribution
  • easier cold weather starts
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2
Q

Disadvantages of Fuel Injection

A
  • difficulty in starting a hot engine
  • vapor locks during ground operations on hot days
  • problems associated with restarting an engine that quits because of fuel starvation
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3
Q

Turbocharger

A
  • gets its power from the exhaust stream that runs through a turbine, which in turn spins the compressor tho compress the intake air and increase its density
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4
Q

Supercharger

A
  • relies on engine-driven air pump or compressor to compress the intake air an increase its density
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5
Q

Ignition System

A
  • spark ignition system provides a spark to ignite the fuel/air mixture in the cylinder
  • dual ignition system with 2 individual magnetos
  • two spark plugs in each cylinder so the mixture ignites towards the center of the cylinder for even burn and slightly higher power output
  • engine started using an electric starter
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6
Q

Oil System

A
  • lubrication of engines moving parts
  • cooling of the engine by reducing friction
  • removing heat from the cylinders
  • providing a seal between the cylinder walls and pistons
  • carrying away contaminates
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7
Q

Wet-Sump vs. Dry-Sump

A
  • Wet- the oil is located in a sump, which is an integral part of the engine
  • Dry- the oil is contained in a separtate tank and circulated through the engine by pumps
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8
Q

Detonation

A
  • uncontrolled, explosive ignition of the fuel/air mixture within the cylinder’s combusion chamber

Causes

  • lower fuel grade than specified
  • extremely high manifold pressure with low RPM
  • high power setting with excessively lean mixture
  • extended ground operations or steep climbs in which cylinder cooling is reduced
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9
Q

Preignition

A
  • when the fuel/air mixture ignites prior to the engine’s normal ignition event
  • caused by residual hot spot in the combustion chamber, often created by a small carbon deposit on a spark plug, a cracked spark plug insulator, or another damage in the cylinder that causes excessive heat to ignite the mixture
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10
Q

Oxygen Masks

A
  • Cannula- plastic tubing that runs under nose
  • Diluter-Demand- supplys oxygen only when the user inhales
  • Pressure-Demand- provides a positive pressure application of the oxygen to the mask face piece that allows the users lungs to be pressurized with oxygen
  • Continuous Flow- has a resevoir bag to collect oxygen with the user is exhaling
  • Electric Pulse-Demand- deliver oxygen by detecting inhalation effort and provides oxygen during initial portion of inhalation
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11
Q

Types of Altitude

A
  • Indicated- real direcly off the altimeter
  • Pressure- set altimeter to 29.92 and read off instrument. height above standard datum plane
  • Density- press altitude corrected for non-standard temperature
  • Absolute- vertical distance above the terrain (AGL)
  • True- vertical distance above sea level (MSL)
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12
Q

Types of Airspeed

A
  • Indicated- read directly off the airspeed indicator
  • Calibrated- IAS corrected for installation and instrument errors
  • Equivalent- CAS corrected for compressibilty errors
  • True- CAS corrected for altitude and nonstandard temperature
  • Groundspeed- actual speed of airplane over the ground
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13
Q

Hydroplaning

A
  • Dynamic- tires ride on a thin sheet of water rather than on runways surface
  • Viscous- tire cannot penetrate the fluid and rolls on top of the film. lower speed than dynamic but requires a smooth surface
  • Reverted Rubber- locked wheel skid generates heat, “melts” tire. water changes to steam and supports tire off the runway

Dynamic Hydroplane Speed = 9 x square root of tire pressure

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14
Q

Wind Shear

A
  • sudden drastic change in wind speed and/or direction over a very small area
  • can occur anywhere at anytime
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15
Q

Microburst

A
  • very strong downdraft of air (6000 fpm)
  • less than 1 mile horizontally and less than 1000 ft vertically
  • lifespan is about 15 mins
  • can also produce hazardous wind direction change of 45 degrees or more in a matter of seconds
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16
Q

Immediate Notification of NTSB

A
  • flight control system malfunction
  • crew member unable to perform reqd duties
  • turbine engine failure
  • in-flight fire
  • aircraft collision in flight
  • property damage (other than airplane) estimated to be over $25,000
  • release of propeller blade in flight (not caused by ground contact)
17
Q

Aircraft Accident

A
  • Aircraft accident means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage
  1. Serious injury means any injury which: (1) Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within 7 days from the date of the injury was received; (2) results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes, or nose); (3) causes severe hemorrhages, nerve, muscle, or tendon damage; (4) involves any internal organ; or (5) involves second- or third-degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 percent of the body surface.
  2. Substantial damage means damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged, bent fairings or cowling, dented skin, small punctured holes in the skin or fabric, ground damage to rotor or propeller blades, and damage to landing gear, wheels, tires, flaps, engine accessories, brakes, or wingtips are not considered “substantial damage” for the purpose of this part.
18
Q

Aircraft Incident

A
  • Incident means an occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations.
19
Q

Aeronautical Decision Making

A
  • a systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances
20
Q

VOR Checks

A
  • VOT (+-4)
  • Ground Checkpoint (+-4)
  • Airborne Checkpoint (+-6)
  • Dual VOR (within 4)
  • Radial over a Known Ground Point (+-6)

Flying (2 decks)

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