Random Flashcards
1
Q
Dorsiflexion plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?
A
Foot
2
Q
What is the nervous system and how does it work with muscular?
A
The nervous system are nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses throughout the body.
The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.
3
Q
All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following?
A
Neurons
4
Q
Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the body through which process?
A
Evaporation
5
Q
The Organ of Corti is located in…?
A
Ear
6
Q
The Gallbladder is a part of
A
The Digestive System
7
Q
What are the two functions of the male and female sex organs?
A
1) Production of gametes
2) Production of hormones
8
Q
The ribs are attached to the…?
A
Sternum
9
Q
What is a Gamete?
A
A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
10
Q
What is Endocytosis?
A
Engulfs/ brings in. Processes in which substances are brought into the cell.
11
Q
What is Asexual Reproduction? Two types.
A
Asexual reproduction doesn’t involve gametes or # of hormones. It inherits the genes of that parent.
Two types: Binary Fission and Mitosis
The process of binary fission is when an organism duplicates its genetic material or DNA into two parts in which each organism has a copy of the DNA.
The process of Mitosis is when the cell and nucleus divide into two cells and each cell has its own nucleus.
12
Q
Cellular contact is important for
A
Wound healing
13
Q
What are Ligaments?
A
Ligaments are short bands of tough, flexible tissue that connects bone to bone.
14
Q
Which gland is commonly known as the “Master Gland”? and why?
A
Pituitary gland because it has many functions of the endocrine glands. Pituitary is small as a pea and is located in the base of the brain.
15
Q
What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?
A
(Anterior = front, closer to the head).
Thyroid Gland.
16
Q
What is Calciferol and what is it controlled by?
A
Calciferol treats and prevents vitamin D deficiency.
It is controlled by the neurons.
Neurons are nerve cells that transmits info thru electrical and chemical signals.
17
Q
What blood vessel prefuses the kidney?
A
Renal vein. The renal vein drains the kidney and helps it to be connected to the inferior vena cava.
18
Q
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
A
Regulates body temp and releases hormones.
19
Q
Diet is important because bone are storage places for?
A
Calcium and Phosphorous( helps w/ formation of teeth and bones).
20
Q
Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes?
A
Skull Ear
21
Q
Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?
A
Temporal lobe
22
Q
What separates Thoracic and abdominal cavity?
A
The diaphragm
23
Q
Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?
A
Eye
24
Q
A person who has damaged the ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which area?
A
In the Arm. Will have the inability to abduct/adduct arms/ fingers.
25
Afferent (or sensory)
Toward CNS
26
When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amount of:
Carrot and Squash. (Because of the pigment, carotene).
27
What is passive transport? Give examples.
Movement of substances across a cell membrane without using energy.
ex : Difussion (Movement of high to low concentration). and Osmosis (Movement of solvent molecules to a higher solute concentration to a direction to equalize concentrations).
28
The buttocks are which surface of the body?
Dorsal (upperside back)
29
What is a normal heartbeat?
72 bpm 120 over 80
30
Photosynthesis
- Green plants and organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
- Generates oxygen as byproduct.
31
In white blood cells what contributes to phagocytosis?
(Phagocytosis = ingestion of bacteria)
Macrophages, neutrophils.
32
How many chromosomes does a Diploid cell have?
Human diploid cells have 46 chromosomes.
33
Right auricle of the heart
- Attached to heart's Right Atrium
| - small cone-shaped pouch
34
What are polypeptides?
Chains of Amino Acids
35
How many carb per gram do carbohydrates contain?
4
36
The Mitral valve is located between which two structures?
Left atrium and left ventricle
37
What plane divides the body into right and left sides?
Sagittal Plane
38
What is an Ovum?
A female reproductive cell.
39
Somatic Nervous System
Part of the Peripheral Nervous System associated with voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.
40
What is aerobic respiration and where does it take place in?
- Process by which organisms use oxygen to turn fuel(fats and sugars), into chemical energy.
- It takes place in Mitochondria.
41
ABCD of cancer?
Melanoma (skin cancer)
42
What are the 4 steps of bone ossification?
1) Hematoma Formation
2) Fibrous Callus Formation
3) Ossification (Bony callus formation)
4) Bone remodeling
43
What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?
Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate
44
What does the Urinary System do?
- Filters blood
- Remove toxins and waste from body
- Storing and carrying urine out of body.
45
Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?
Oral Cavity
46
What is the function of the vastus lateralis?
straightens knee.
47
Two principle divisions that make up the Nervous System?
PNS and CNS
48
What organ produces insulin?
(Insulin = Helps glucose get into body's cells, decreases blood glucose)
Pancreas
49
What are 4 functions of the Skeletal System?
1) Facilitates movement
2) Protects internal organs
3) Produces blood cells
4) Stores and releases mineral and fats
50
What cell structure regulates the transportation of substances in and out the cell?
The Plasma membrane or the cell membrane (it separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.)
51
What is the Sebacous Gland?
A sebacous gland is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secret oil (sebum), which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals.
52
4 types of tissues? which is the most abundant?
1) Connective
2) Muscular
3) Epithelial
4) Nervous
"CMEN"
Connective tissue is the most abundant.
53
What stimulates the chemoreceptors to function?
(Chemoreceptors = sensors that detect changes in c02, 02, and pH)
Rise in Co2, Fall in O2
54
Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
- ADH or antidiuretic hormone/ vasopressin. (causes kidneys to release water)
- OT or oxytocin (Uterus: contraction = for childbirth/ breastfeeding)
(Males: Ductus Deferens muscle)
55
What structure is located in the sternum?
The sternum has a manubrium, the sternum body, and then the xiphoid process.
56
What part of the brain attaches to the spinal cord?
Medulla Oblongata (controls breathing by checking the blood Ph).
57
The esophagus is part of the?
Digestive System
58
Which of the following produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?
Corpus Luteum (mass of cells that form in an ovary and is responsible for the production of hormone progesterone).
59
Most obvious skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
60
What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?
Cilia
61
What structure is located in the upper airways?
Nose, pharynx
62
What are like cells grouped together called?
Tissue
63
Eustachian tube
links the nasopharynx to the middle ear
64
Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for organs?
Connective Tissue
65
What is important in immune system?
Lymphocytes (WBC that provide immunity for future invasions of bacteria).
66
A characteristic of viral Herpes?
Skin eruption
67
Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet in?
Protein
68
What is active tranpsort?
- Requires energy
- movement of molecules across cell membrane from lower concentration to high concentration. Against concentration gradient
69
What is the function of neutrophils?
Phagocytize microorganisms(microbial killing)
70
What do cartilaginous joints consist of?
Cartilaginous joints are joints made up entirely of cartilage, either hyaline cartilage or fibro cartilage.
71
How does lymph work with circulatory?
The Lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into blood vessels
72
What does the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in the human cell do?
It Synthesizes protein.
73
Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the side surface of the lower extremity?
Vastus lateralis
74
What is the defenition of Chyme?
- Semifluid mass made up of partly digested food in the stomach and intestine.
- Chyme functions:
1) increase food surface area to allow digestive enzymes to do their work.
2) Stimulate digestive glands to release their secretions.
75
What is the muscle contraction that moves food through the Digestive Tract?
Peristalsis
76
When a boxer gets hit and has a deviated septum?
Vomer (Small thin bone separating the right and left nasal cavities.)
77
Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory?
Pharynx
78
Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
Hyoid bone (In the neck)
79
Which of the following statements best describe endocrine glands?
They secrete chemicals into the blood.
80
What is a ureter?
The tube that carries urine from the
| Kidney ---> Urinary Bladder
81
Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?
Urethra( duct that transmits urine from bladder to exterior of body during urination.
82
Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by with molecule?
Lactic acid
83
Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?
Palms of the hand facing anterior
84
Which structure is a ball and socket joint?
Shoulder
85
The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?
Popliteal artery
86
Ceruminous glands secrete
Ear wax (cerumen)
87
What type of synovial joint is the elbow?
(Synovial Joint = bones that move against each other)
Hinge(Allow motion in one plane)
88
The mediastinum is located within which cavity?
Thoracic Cavity
89
What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter?
Involved with mood, anxiety and sleep
90
What is the function of the thrombocytes (platelets)?
( Thrombocytes = very large cells in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes )
Play a role in blood clotting.
91
The occipital region is located in which part of the body?
Back of the head
92
Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?
Hemoglobin ( protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen to the cells )
93
A sprain occurs when there is a tear in which structures?
Ligament
94
What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?
```
(Homeostasis = resist change in order for a stable environment)
Eccrine Gland (Major sweat gland in the human body)
```
95
Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?
Pulmonary Vein
96
What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?
Cochlea
97
Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?
Fallopian Tubes or Oviduct (same thing)
98
Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?
Lower leg
99
An over-production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?
External Ear canals
100
What is the olfactory nerve?
- First cranial nerve
| - Sensory related to smell
101
Which vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?
Vena Cava
102
Which hormones are produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen and Progesterone
103
The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing?
Epiphysis (end part of a long bone)
104
Which term is used to describe movement of the arms and legs away from midline of the body?
Abduction
105
The artery that provides a pulse reading in the neck?
Carotid Artery (Carry oxygen rich blood to the head, brain and face)
106
Which condition causes a client to say "I can't see far away"?
Nearsightedness
107
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
- Process and package the proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.
108
What is Serotonin?
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood, sleep, digestion, memory, etc.
109
Fertilization occurs in the?
Oviduct or Fallopian Tube (A tube where an ovum or egg passes from an ovary).
110
What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?
Testosterone and Estrogen
111
Increase in rate of depth of breath results in what blood PH change?
(ACIDOSIS(Hypoventilation) refers to an excess of acid in the blood that causes the pH to fall below 7.35, and ALKALOSIS (Hyperventilation) refers to an excess of base in the blood that causes the pH to rise above 7.45).
(The more acidic, the more co2, which means u need mroe o2)
(Blood Ph is 7.35 - 7.45)
Alkalosis
112
When water molecules move across a cell membrane from high to low concentration this process is called?
Osmosis
113
What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?
Body becomes more acidic.
114
What part of the body is the lower back?
Lumbar
115
High levels of _____ ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest?
Potassium
116
What structure of the eye picks out color?
Retina (Senses light and send signals to the brain so you can see).
117
What is the outer most protective layer of the skin?
Epidermis
118
Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?
Small intestine
119
What are hormones?
Chemical Messengers
120
What female reproductive organ produces Oocytes, Estrogen, and Progesterone
The Ovaries
121
Which is a hollow organ?
The Gall Bladder
122
Which muscle is included in the Quadriceps Femoris group?
```
Vastus Lateralis (Outer)
Vastus Medialis (Inner)
Rectus Femoris (Mid Out)
Vastus Intermedius (Mid In)
```
123
What is the function of the Medulla Oblongata?
Regulate functions of the Autonomic Nervous System:
- Respiration
- Cardiac Function
- Vasodilation
- Reflexes (vomiting, sneezing, coughing, etc).
124
The patient has a large pituitary tumor (Adenoma). What part of the body does this affect?
- Vission loss
- Headaches
- Low blood pressure
125
Which structure produces B-lymphocytes?
Red Bone Marrow
126
The Tympanic Membrane is located between which structures?
External Auditory Canal and middle ear
127
How many days is the average menstrual cycle?
28 Days
128
Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?
The Thymus (Helps other organs grow properly in the immune system).
129
Calcaneus is located in?
Foot
130
What are fingerprints made of?
Arrangement of ridges called Friction Ridges
131
Which of the following location would the Urinary Bladder & Internal Reproductive organ be found
Pelvic Region
132
Which one increases angle at the joint?
Extensor
133
Which hormone is release by Posterior Lobe?
Oxytocin
134
Order of: The Organization of Living Things (Simplest to Complex)
Organelle, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystem, and Biosphere.
135
What bones are formed first during Intramembranous Ossification?
The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles (collarbones) are formed via intramembranous ossification.
136
Explain Fibrous Joints
- Connected by fibrous tissue consisting mainly of collagen.
- They are fixed/immovable joints
EX: Sutures between skull bones
137
Explain Synovial Joints
- Also known as diarthrosis
| - Hinge, pivot, saddle
138
Adrenal gland secretes?
Cortisol and Aldosterone
139
What part of the respiratory system is in the upper respiratory?
Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
140
The soft spot on the baby's head?
Fontanel (where ossification is not complete and sutures not formed. Between bones of the skull).
141
What do Endocrine Hormones do?
Help control mood, growth and development.
142
Layers of the Epidermis?
```
From innermost (Deepest)
- Stratum basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum
```
143
What is Meiosis?
A process by which a single cell divides twice to produces four cell with only one copy each of the chromosome.
144
Inspiration and Expiration
Breathing(Respiration)
1) Inspiration/inhale (contraction of diaphragm = thoracic cavity expands)
2) Expiration/Exhale (Relaxation of diaphragm)
145
Distal convoluted tubule is controlled by?
| What hormones does it work with?
- PTH
| - It works with ADH
146
Heart with the largest layer?
Left Ventricle
147
What makes colors of the skin?
Melanin and Melanocytes
148
What is a Tendon?
A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
149
Osteocytes
Bone forming cells
150
Where are Schwann Cells?
The Nervous System
151
Autonomic Nervous System
involuntary movements
| sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
152
Which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth?
Endocrine
153
How is Pepsin used in the body?
It breaks down proteins
154
Which system produces antibodies
Lymphatic System
155
Blood that has supplied nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle, returns to right atrium via?
Coronary Sinus
156
How many chromosomes does haploid have?
23
157
Efferent (or motor)
Away from CNS
(Somatic = voluntary, EX:Skeletal muscles. Uses ACH "chemical synapse")
(Autonomic = involuntary, EX: internal organs/heart.
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic)
158
Capillaries
form the connection between the vessels that carry blood away from the heart (arteries) and the vessels that return blood to the heart (veins).
159
External respiration
- Gas Exchange
| - air into and out of the lungs and the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide into the bloodstream through diffusion.
160
Most of the C02 in the blood does what?
It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood
cells.
161
What are Monocytes?
- WBC that help fight bacteria, viruses, and other infections in your body.
162
Functional units of kidney
Nephrons
