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Orthopedic Surgery > Random > Flashcards

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1
Q

Clinical Assessement for fracture assessment score

A
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2
Q

Mechanical fracture assessment

A
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3
Q

Biological fracture assessment scoring

A
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4
Q

Primary objective of fracture management

A

Promote an early &
complete return to
function

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5
Q

alignment vs. reduction

A

a= spacial arrange of joint above and below the fracture

reduction= process of re-
apposing the fracture
fragments &/or
segments

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6
Q

The combination of the fixation device and the fracture segments is called

A

osteosynthesis

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7
Q

Steps of secondary bone healing

A

Endochondral Ossification:

inflammatory phase- hematoma

granulation tissue

fibrous tissue

fibrocartilage

cartilage

woven bone

lamellar bone

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8
Q

Requirements for primary bone healing

A

rigid fixation & anatomic reduction

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9
Q

What two types of healing occur w/ primary bone healing?

A

contact healing

gap healing <1mm gaps

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10
Q

When should a callus be present?

A

2-4wks

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11
Q

What are the 4 main fxns of bone grafts?

A

osteogenic (fresh autogenous graft)

osteoconduction (scaffold- for ingrowth of capillaries & mesenchymal cells)

osteoinduction (induces bone synthesis; BMP)

structural support (cortical grafts)

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12
Q

Harvest sites for cancellous bone graft?

A

Greater tubercle of the humerus • Iliac crest • Proximal tibia

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13
Q

Biological vs. mechanical fixation

A

The underlying concept is protection of the surrounding soft tissues and blood supply to the fracture fragments. This is achieved by spanning the fracture with implants which do not substantially disrupt the fracture site. This is often referred as bridging osteosynthesis. In all fracture repairs there must be a balance between the biology and the mechanics of the repair. An excess of either may result in nonunion and or loss of function.

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14
Q

When do you pad the protuberances vs. the depressions?

A

Rigid pre-formed
splints: pad
depression

Malleable splints:
pad protuberances

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15
Q

With a rigid lateral splint, what do you pad extra?

A

depressions

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16
Q

What does the figure 8 sling do for coxofemoral luxations?

A

abducts

flexes

internally rotates

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17
Q

What forces does ESF overcome?

A

axial (compression)

bending

rotational

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18
Q

What are the three types of external fixators?

A
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19
Q

Which of the ESF is the strongest? Weakest?

A

III > II > I

20
Q

What should the core diameter of the pilot hole for ESF pins be compared to the pin’s diameter?

A

0.1mm less than actual pin diameter

21
Q

What are the fixation pins locations for the various bones?

A
22
Q

what speed & torque should be used when placing fixation pins for ESF?

A

slow speed

high torque drill

23
Q

Fixation pin diameter should not exceed % of diameter of bone

A

30%

24
Q

With application of ESF, how many pins should be placed in each fracture segment?

A

3-4 pins

25
Q

What forces are intramedullary fixation devices resistant to? Which ones are they not?

A

bending

little resistance to shear forces

not compression, tensile, or torsional

26
Q

What force does using an interlocking nail in IM fixation prevent against?

A

axial collapse

27
Q

What type of fracture is sole use of IM pins not enough?

A

comminuted fractures

28
Q

When is it common to use rush pins?

A

young animals w/ salter harris fractures

29
Q

If you use interlocking nails w/ the IM pin, what forces can be overcome?

A

bending

rotational

axial

30
Q

How can an IM pin be inserted in the humerus? What is the direction the pin should take?

A

retrograde

cranio-lateral to caudo-medial (avoid olecranon fossa)

31
Q

expected time for union

A

3-6 months old: ~ 4-6 weeks

> 1 year old: ~ 12 weeks

32
Q

normal fracture healing requires &

A

vascularity

stability

33
Q

What are the classifications of non-unions?

A
34
Q

Tx for non-unions

A
35
Q

Requirements for osteomyelitis to occur?

A

bacterial contamination & vascular compromise

36
Q

Rad findings for osteomyelitis

A

Soft tissue swelling • Irregular periosteal
reaction far from fracture • lysis/bone resorption

37
Q

What three structures are shown here?

A

Sequestrum: necrotic bone
fragment

• Involucrum: periosteal
reaction surrounding the
sequestrum

• Cloaca: opening in
involucrum, resulting in
drainage

38
Q

TX for osteomyelitis

A
39
Q

Causes of quadriceps contracture

A

prolonged immobilization

quadriceps m. trauma

40
Q

For the different implants, what fracture forces are neutralized?

A
41
Q

What is the requirement of the fracture to use cerclage wires?

A

oblique

2-21/2 length the diameter of bone

42
Q

Rules about applying cerclage wires

A

• Wires should be
1 cm apart

•The wire must be
placed 5 mm from
the end of the
fracture segments

3+ wires (never use just one)

43
Q

twist vs. loop cerclage wires

A
44
Q

10 commandments of cerclage wires

A
45
Q

fxn of pin & tension band

A

Converts
distractive/tensile forces
to compressive
forces

46
Q
A

Orthopedic Surgery (1 decks)

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