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Question 1

Immunosuppressant such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus work by

Answer 1

Inhibiting calcineurin activation ( is a protein phosphatase essential in activation of IL-2)

Question 2

The caseating granulomas of TB consist of large epithelioid macrophages with pale pink granular cytoplasm surrounding a central region of necrotic debris

Answer 2

CD14 is a surface marker of the monocyte-macrophage cell linage.

Question 3

C1 inhibitor deficiency causes hereditary angiodema that can be triggered by ..

Answer 3

blood transfusions , affected patients have angiodema but do not have urticaria or wheezing.

Question 4

Selective IgA deficiency is the most common primary immune deficiency ,pt can present with …

Answer 4

• recurrent sinopulmonary.
• gastrointestinal infections
• as well as Autoimmune disease
• *pt with sever IgA deficiency can have anaphylaxis during transfusion of blood products that contain small amounts of IgA.

Question 5

Contact dermatitis,granulamtous inflammation,the tuberculin skin test ant the candida extract skin reaction are all examples of

Answer 5

delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions(DTH), The cells that mediate DTH reactions atr T-lymphocytes(Th1) that release interferon-g to cause recuitment and stimulation of macrophages

Question 6

Langhans giant cell are charcteristic of granulomatous conditions, including the caseating granulomas associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, they have multiple peripherally organized in the shape of horseshoe , the macrophages that form these giant cells are activated by ..

Answer 6

CD4+ Th1 lymphocyte

Question 7

the most important opsonins coating proteins are :

Answer 7

immunoglobulin (Ig)G and complement C3b.

Question 8

ataxia telangiectasia it is autosomal recessive ,and the defect is in a gene that codes for the ATM gene which plays a role in

Answer 8

DNA break repair

Question 9

Omalizumab : it is Anti-IgE antibodies given as a subcutaneous injection used for :

Answer 9

patients with sever allergic asthma

Question 10

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency(LAD) the patient is at greatest risk for

Answer 10

Persistent leukocytosis: due to leukocytes not being able to migrate out of the blood vessels

Question 11

patient with deficiencies of the complement factors that form the membrane attack complex (MAC) i.e C5b-C9»

Answer 11

often experience recurrent infections by : Neisseria species

Question 12

NK cells recognize and kill cells with decreased MHC class 1 antigen cell surface expression ,

Answer 12

they are large lymphocytes that contain perforins and granzymes in cytoplasmic granules.

Question 13

pulmonary tuberculosis infection is controlled through the action of&raquo_space;

Answer 13

CD4+TH1 lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 14

Leukotriene B4 stimulates&raquo_space;

Answer 14

neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation

Question 15

Local defense against Candida performed by T cells , whereas systemic infection is prevented by neutrophils , For this reason»

Answer 15

Localized candidiasis is common in patients who have HIV, but neutropenic individuals are more likely to have the systemic form of the disease

Question 16

Macrophage-mediated immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is led by Th1 helper cells»

Answer 16

Interferon-y.Il-12 and TNF-a are critical for formation and maintenance of granulomas

Question 17

the major immune mechanisms against Giardia involve:

Answer 17

CD4+ T helper cells and Secretory IgA production

Question 18

Toxic shock syndrome(TSS) rapidly progress to sever hypotension and multisystem dysfunction&raquo_space; super antigens lead to activate macrophage and T lymphocytes

Answer 18

Tss has been associated with the use of Tampons and nasal packing

Question 19

Rheumatoid factor is an antibody (typically IgM) specific for

Answer 19

The Fc component of IgG

Question 20

the findings of hilar adenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates and non-caveating lung granulomas in African american female point to a diagnosis of sarcoidosis, granuloma formation is manifestation of&raquo_space;

Answer 20

cell-mediated immunity driven by products of Th1 type CD4+ helper T cells,particularly IL-2 and interferon-y(IFN-y)