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Vocab Builder flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Steatohepatitis

A

Fatty and inflamed liver

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2
Q

Syncope

A

Blackout caused by fall in bp

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3
Q

Xanthelasma

A

Fatty deposits on skin around eyes. Indicates hyperlipidaemia

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4
Q

Corneal arcus

A

Ring (white/blue/grey) on outer edge of cornea, indicative of hyperlipidaemia (also just common in old age)

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5
Q

Meningitis

A

Infection and Inflammation of the meninges (protective membranes of the brain) non blanching rash, stiff neck, photophobia, convulsions, drowsy, high fever

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6
Q

Koilonychia

A

Spoon nails : indicative of severe anaemia

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7
Q

Onycholysis

A

Detachment of nail from finger bed - hyperthyroidism, fungal infection, psoriasis

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8
Q

Endocarditis

A

Infection of heart valves

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9
Q

Orthopnoea

A

Breathlessness on lying flat - cor pulmonale

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10
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

A

SOB on waking up

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11
Q

Ascites

A

Fluid accumulation in abdomen

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12
Q

Pectus excavatum

A

Caved in chest : seen in marfans, scoliosis and ehlers danlos syndrome - usually asymptomatic but can displace heart to left and restrict ventilators capacity

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13
Q

Pectus carinatum

A

Pigeon chest

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14
Q

Haematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

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15
Q

Sulcus

A

Groove

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16
Q

Gyri

A

Ridges eg on cortex of brain

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17
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Indigestion

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18
Q

Leuconychia

A

Whitening of nails due to hypoalbuminaemia

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19
Q

Coarcation

A

Congenital narrowing of arteries - aortic seen in marfans

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20
Q

Papilloedema

A

Swelling of optic disc

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21
Q

Absolute constipation

A

Doesn’t pass wind

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22
Q

Pleomorphism

A

Variability in size and shape of cells /+ nuclei

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23
Q

Paronychia

A

Soft tissue infection of skin around a fingernail

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24
Q

Ablation

A

Surgical removal of body Tissue

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25
Q

Ectropion (opposite Entropion)

A

Lower eyelid turns out from eye (Bell’s palsy, trauma, congenital, tumour, cyst can cause)

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26
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficult in/ unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal . Causes - cerebral palsy, stroke, head/brain trauma, Parkinson’s and motor neurone

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27
Q

Odynophagia

A

Pain on eating/swallowing

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28
Q

Emmetropia

A

Normal vision

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29
Q

Apoplexy

A

Stroke/CVA cerebrovascular accident

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30
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

Excessive amount of amniotic fluid - usually no complications but can indicate developmental problems

31
Q

Atelectasis

A

Partial collapse/incomplete inflation of the lung

32
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing of blood vessels

33
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of upper eyelid

34
Q

Exanthema

A

Skin rash accompanying a disease/fever

35
Q

Keratitis

A

Inflammation of cornea

36
Q

Fulminating

A

(Disease is) rapid, sudden, severe - worsens quickly

37
Q

Trismus

A

Lockjaw - symptom of tetanus

38
Q

Troponin

A

Protein which if cardiac Isoform has high level in blood shows cardiac muscle death eg MI

39
Q

Dysphoria

A

State of unease / general dissatisfaction with life

40
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Difficult/painful intercourse

41
Q

Stereopsis

A

Depth perception that is a result of having two normally working eyes

42
Q

Febrile

A

Feverish

43
Q

Hematochezia

A

Fresh blood from anus

44
Q

Paroxysmal

A

Occurs in violent attacks due to sudden onset of symptoms or acute exacerbation

45
Q

Sclerodactylyl

A

Localised thickening and tightness of skin on fingers or toes

46
Q

Parturition

A

Child birth

47
Q

Gustatory

A

Concerned with taste

48
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss of sense of smell

49
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Bulging of eye anteriorly

50
Q

Hypersthenuria

A

Increased osmolarity (specific gravity) of urine

51
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

52
Q

Lability

A

Unstable/ constantly variable

53
Q

Oligaemia

A

Reduced blood volume

54
Q

Chromaffin cell or phaeochromocyte

A

Cell of sympathetic paraganglion or adrenal medulla

55
Q

Gord

A

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

56
Q

Claudication

A

Pain due to ischaemia usually during exercise in legs/buttocks indicates PVD

57
Q

Canthus

A

Corner of eye where upper and lower eyelids meet

58
Q

Bruit

A

Vascular murmur due to turbulence (due to partial obstruction on high flow) in artery

59
Q

Pleiotropic

A

Producing more than one effect

60
Q

Ecchymosis (>3mm) and Petechiae (1-2mm)

A

Purplish subcutaneous patch due to extravasation of blood into the skin

61
Q

Malaena

A

Dark blood in stool due to upper GI tract bleed

62
Q

Gynaecomastia

A

Enlargement of a male’s breast tissue

63
Q

Guarding

A

Involuntary tensing in muscles

64
Q

Terry’s nails

A

Proximal part of nails are white with distal 1/3rd reddened. Sign of liver failure (or kidney/CCF)

65
Q

Asterixis

A

Hepatic or CO2 retention flap when wrists are cocked back

66
Q

Blue lunulae

A

The proximal white arc on nail bed is blue - caused by Wilson’s disease (hepatic) or argyria (exposure to silver)

67
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

Fixed forward curvature of 1 or more fingers. Due to thickening of connective tissue shortened and fibrosed. Late effect of Dupuytrens disease a genetic connective tissue disease.

68
Q

Rovsing’s sign

A

Pain is greater in the right iliac fossa than the left when the left is pressed = acute appendicitis

69
Q

Murphy’s sign

A

2 finger on the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and when patient inspires it causes pain = acute cholecystitis - gallstones

70
Q

Tenesmus

A

Continual or recurrent inclination to pass stools

71
Q

Muehrckes lines

A

White stripes on finger nails that are not grooved (unlike beaus lines) disappear when pressure is applied. = hypoglobulinaemia

72
Q

Kayser fleischer rings

A

Dark yellow/green arc encircling cornea. Due to copper deposits = liver disease

73
Q

angular stomatitis / cheilitis

A

Inflammation of corners of the lips. Causes = dentures, nutritional deficiencies (B12/folate)

Medical Vocabulary (1 decks)

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