Random Flashcards
what are the rule of 2’s in Meckel’s diverticulum?
2 feet from ileocecal valve 2 in long 2 times more common in males 2% of population 2% develop complication over course of their lives
what conditions mimic acute appendicities
Yersinia enterocolitis mesenteric adenitis constipation crohn's meckel's ectopic pregnancy UTI ovarian torsion
what murmur is associated with marfan ?
aortic root dilatation leading to diastolic decrescendo murmur (aortic insufficiency)
can also have mitral valve prolapse
can lead to aortic dissection
what is DiGeorge syndrome
facial features
- low-set ears
- eyes wide apart
- palate anomalies
- widened area below nasal bridge
- short philtrum
- micrognathia
cardiac lesion
- abnormal heart sounds
- murmur
- right sided aortic arch
- conotruncal anomalies
No thymic shadow seen on CXR
Hypocalcemia- parathyroid hypoplasia - (tetancy, seizures)
results from failure of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches
**lots of viral and fungal infections b/c of lack of thymus
what are the common conotruncal anomalies associated with DiGeorge
transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus, right sided aortic arch
by age 12 months, infants should weigh how much compared to birth weight
3 times
what is the point of substituting medium chain triglycerides for long chain triglycerides in a babies diet?
if a baby has malabsorption and steatorrhea this will help because MCTs do not require bile acids for absorption.
preterm infants have steatorrhea b/c of poor absorption of fat due to small bile acid pool
what is a mongolian spot
hyperpigmentation found in 66% of all infants of hispanic, asian and native american ethnicity
sometimes mistaken for bruise
vomiting in a 10 month old, with lethargy, dehydration, full anterior fontanelle , no diarrhea, posturing
administer dexamethasone to decrease the intracranial pressure
most likely a brain tumor
resp tract infection neonatal jaundice recurrent bronchiolitis nasal polyps chronic diarrhea features of malabsorption meconium ileus recurrent sinus infection
cystic fibrosis
obstructive airway disease
clubbing
what antibiotics do you use for CF treatment
tobramycin plus antipseudomonal (ticarcillin/piperacillin)
tobramycin pluse third gen cephalosporin (cefepime, ceftazidime)
tobramycin plus carbapenem (imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem)
what antibiotic is used to cover pasturella multocida
penicillin is the treatment of choice, but rare isolates with B-lactamase activity have been reported.
amoxicillin-clavulanate helps with resistance
if penicilin allergy use azithromycin
dog/cat bites
symptoms occur within a 24 hour period
if you suspect a lactase deficiency in a kid, what test should you do
lactose breath test
Its prevalence
in subjects of Asian (Far-Eastern) extraction is at least 85%
sucrase-isomaltase deficiency is the most common congenital disaccharidase deficiency
what is the lactulose breath test used for
useful in evaluation of suspected bacterial overgrowth, particularly pt’s who have undergone prior bowel surgery and present with symptoms that suggest a blind or stagnant intestinal loop
what are watery, acidic stools indicative of
carbohydrate malabsorption
“thumb sign”)
epiglottitis
lateral radiograph
Affected patients typically
present between the ages of 2 and 8 years with the rapid onset of fever,
sore throat, and the “four Ds” (drooling, dysphagia, dysphonia, and
dyspnea). Patients often assume a position of comfort by sitting upright,
leaning forward, and bracing themselves with their arms, known as the
tripod position.
steeple sign
AP view of croup
what is the treatment for acute rheumatic fever in a peds patient
Penicillin G or 10 days of oral penicillin even if throat culture is negative
what are the major criteria for rhf
polyarthritis carditis subcutaneous nodules sydenham chorea erythema marginatum
what are the minor manifestations for RHF
fever
arthralgia
prolonged PR interval on ECG
Elevated acute phase reactants (ESR, CRP)
hyponatremia
postural hypotension
hyperkalemia
lack of response to cosyntropin stimulation test
plus
neurologic deficits -weakness, spasticity, dementia, blindness, quadraparesis
Adrenoleukodystrophy
x-linked disease where there is a mutation in the transportation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) into peroxisomes, thereby preventing beta-oxidation and breakdown of VLCFA
accumulation of VLCFA in neurons and adrenal cortex causes symptoms
adrenal stuff is usually detected before neuro stuff
hypotonia upslanting palpebral fissures epicanthal folds excess nuchal skin enlarged tongue clinodactyly of the fifth fingers single transverse palmar crease
trisomy 21
small palpebral fissures low set ears low birth weight microcephaly rocker bottom feet cleft lip hypotonia clenched hands
Edward syndrome (Trisomy 18)
what are the cyanotic diseases of the newborn
truncus arteriosus tricuspid atresia tetrology of fallot transposition of the great arteries total anomalous pulmonary return and pulmonary stenosis
