Random Flashcards
Experiment
EXPERIMENT - INVESTIGATING OSMOSIS IN POATOES
1. cut equal cylinders of potato
2. put into test tubes of sugar solution (diff concentrations)
(0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0)
3. time 10 mins
4. weigh initial and final mass = calc change in mass
F
GOOD EXPERIMENT
* repeat x3 = calc mean / remove anomalies (accurate)
* keep control variables the same (fair test)
Who can see what you share
Calc change in mass
D/o x 100
Active transport expamles
- plant = root hair cells uptake NO3- ions from soil
- human= intestine absorb glucose
Eukaryotes vs prokaryotes
Prokaryotes unicellular
Eukaryotes multicellular
Prokaryotes one membrane
Eukaryotes 2 membranes
Prokaryotes bacterium
Eukaryotes many cells
How many chromosomes in a human?
46
Three main stages of cell cycle
- replication of dna and synthesis of organelles
- mitosis
- division of cell
Why is mitosis important
Produces identical cells which all have the same genetic information
Produced additional cells for growth and repair
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down a concentration gradient.
What’s osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from a dilute solution (high water potential) to a concentrated solution (low water potential) across a partially permeable membrane.
What’s active transport?
The movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration, against the concentration gradient, using energy from respiration.
Examples, Root hair cells
Small intestine
What are pathogens?
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease
Examples:
Bacteria-produce toxins that damage cells like salmonella
Viruses- invade cells and reproduce inside them
Fungi- can grow and spread like athletes foot
Protists- Single celled organisms e.g malaria
What’s a non communicable disease
Diseases that cannot be spread between people. They are often caused by lifestyle, genetics, or environmental factors.
Examples:
Cancer
Diabetes
Heart disease
Transmission types
How pathogens are spread from one host to another
Main transmission methods:
Direct contact
Airborne
Waterborne
Foodborne
Vectors(insects)
What are some communicable diseases?
• Bacterial: Salmonella (food poisoning), Gonorrhoea (STD).
• Viral: Measles (rash, fever), HIV (weakens immune system).
• Fungal: Rose Black Spot (affects plants, damages leaves).
• Protist: Malaria (spread by mosquitoes, causes fever).
Non-Communicable diseases
• Cancer – Abnormal cell growth.
• Diabetes – Affects blood sugar control.
• Cardiovascular Disease – Affects heart and blood vessels.
