random Flashcards
Ace inhibitos ?
Adverse effects, considerations
PRIL
ADVERSE EFFECT includes agioedema, and hyperkalemia
Side effect includes : coughing
Normal cardiac output?
4-8 L / min
I pound to calories
3500 cal
1 cup to ml
240ml
What is phenytoin?
Therapeutic level?
10-20mcg/ml
Fondaparinux?
Anticoagulant
Factor x inhibitor
Amlodipine? Nicardipine?
Calcium channel blockers specifically dihydropyridines, it acts on blood vessels
Verapamil?
Calcium channel blocker
Diltiazem
Calcium channel blocker
What drug class or meds should not be taken with grape fruits?
Statis
Ccb
Tacralimus
Rivaroxaban?
Anticoagulant
Other ex: apixaban
Oral factor Xa inhibitor
Drug of choice for sickle cell disease?
Hydroxyurea
Diltiazem?
Calcium channel blocker
Eupnea
Normal quiet breathing
Intermittent claudication
Manifestation of arterial insufficiency, pain on the lower extremities induces by exercise and relieved by rest
AFP
test for pregnant women to detect neural tube defect
What cranial nerve is involve in HCL production
vagus nerve
pattern for bowel sound auscultation?
RLQ
RUQ
LUQ
LLQ
segment of small intestines
Duodenum, jejenum, ileum, cecum
pyrosis
heartburn
segment of the large interstines and the consistency of the stool?
Ascending - watery
transverse - mushy
descending - semi-formed
sigmoid- formed
dyspepsia
indigestion
what are the antacids? and their SE
- Calcium carbonate
- Aluminum Hydroxide —– SE: constipation
- Magnesium hydroxide ——- SE: Diarrhea
- Aluminum + magnesium (maalox) —- no side effects
Maalox
antacid, combination of Magnesium + aluminum = no SE
Differentiate Curling’s ulcer from cushing’s ulcer
curling’s ulcer - due to burns
cushing’s ulcer - due to head injuries
Brain tumors, traumatic head injury, and other intracranial processes including infections, can cause increased intracranial pressure and lead to overstimulation of the vagus nerve. As a result, increased secretion of gastric acid may occur which leads to gastro-duodenal ulcer formation known as Cushing’s ulcer.
Barium swallow? contraindication for barium swallow?
Barium swallow is a Diagnostic test done for peptic ulcer, DYE(BARIUM) + XRAY
contraindicated in intestinal obstruction; expected to have white stool for 2-3 days
differentiate Bill Roth 1 and 2
Bill roth 1 is aka Gastroduodenectomy
Bill roth 2 is aka Gastrojejunostomy
pernicious anemia
anemia secondary to loss of intrinsic factor, thus no vitamin b12 absorption due to lack of intrinsic factor
mcburney’s point
manifestation of appendicitis, pain in RLQ
Blumberg’s sign
Manifestation of appendicitis, increase pain felt upon release of palpation
Rovsing’s sign
manifestation of appendicitis, pain in LLQ once RLQ is palpated
Ilio psoas sign
manifestation of appendicitis, pain during right hip flexion towards the back
Acholic stool
white chalky stool/ clay colored stool
One of the manifestations for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis
murphy’s sign
(+) pain upon inhalation while examiner’s hand is on RUQ
one of the manifestation of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis
explain graves disease
note: same manifestation with hyperthyroidism
in hyperthyroidism, everything is up except WEIGHT, MENSE, SLEEP + with heath intolerance
oligomenorrhea?
diminished menstrual flow
amenorrhea?
absence of menstrual flow
metrorrhagia?
blood loss betweeen menstrual period
menorrhagia?
excessive bleeding during menstrual period
Lipodystrophy
Lipodystrophy, specifically lipohypertrophy, involves swelling of the fat at
the site of repeated injections, which can interfere with the absorption of insulin,
resulting in erratic blood glucose levels.
Deep, rapid respirations with long expirations
Deep, rapid respirations with long expirations are indicative of Kussmaul’s
respirations, which occur in metabolic acidosis.
Bone resorption
Bone resorption is the process by which the bones are absorbed and broken down by the body. Osteoclast cells are responsible for the breakdown of bone minerals thus releasing calcium and phosphorous into the bloodstream.
anti-cholinergic vs cholinergic medications
ANTI-CHOLINERGIC
SNS(fight or flight response)/ decreased rest and digest function
CHOLINERGIC
PNS (increase rest and digest)/ decreased SNS
kosher diet
avoiding pork and shellfish, avoid mixing meat and dairy products
yom kippur
fasting observed by judaism, 24hrs fasting for 24hrs, except preg and children, they eat flat bread
What are the 5 elements of malpractice/negligence?
- duty
- breach of duty
- injury
- causation
- forseeability
tamoxifen
Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen drug that has been found to be effective against
metastatic breast cancer and to improve the survival rate. The drug causes hot flashes as
an adverse effect.
HSV
HSV infection is one of a group of disorders that, when diagnosed in the
presence of HIV infection, are considered to be diagnostic for AIDS. Other AIDS
defining illnesses include Kaposi’s sarcoma; cytomegalovirus of the liver, spleen, or
lymph nodes; and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. HSV infection is not curable
chancre of syphilis
chancre of syphilis is characteristically a painless, moist ulcer. The
serous discharge is very infectious.
MANIFESTATION of gonorrhea among men?
Dysuria and a mucopurulent urethral discharge characterize gonorrhea in men.
Gonococcal symptoms are so painful and bothersome for men that they usually seek
treatment with the onset of symptoms.
didanoside
Didanosine is in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). It works by decreasing the amount of HIV in the blood.
The nurse should withhold the medication and notify the physician
immediately if the client develops manifestations of pancreatitis or hepatic failure
including nausea and vomiting, severe abdominal pain, elevated bilirubin, or elevated
serum enzymes (eg, amylase, AST, ALT).
colposcop
Colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows your provider to check your cervix (lower part of your uterus) and the wall of your vagina for abnormal tissue.
