random Flashcards
top-down processing
perceiving things based on one’s prior knowledge
bottom-up processing
processing and making sense of new stimuli
proactive interference
loss of new info
retroactive interference
loss of old info
transduction
conversion of one form of energy to another (such as environmental stimuli -> neural signals)
sensation
sensory receptors/nerves receive information from environment (five senses), uses bottom-up processing
perception
interpretation of sensory info, uses top-down processing
primacy effect
first items remembered
recency effect
most recent items remembered
concrete operations
logical thinking
formal operations
philosophical thinking
assimilation
incorporation of new info (all four legged animals are doggies)
accommodation
alteration of pre-existing info to fit new info (doggies are different than kitties but they both have four legs)
afferent neurons
sense stimuli
efferent neurons
carry signals away from the CNS to initiate an action
yerkes-dodson law
performance increases with arousal only up to a point. after that, performance decreases.
theory x
workers must have external rewards in order to motivate work
theory y
workers are internally motivated
garcia effect
associating a food/drink with nausea via classical conditioning
general adaption syndrome (GAS)
body’s response to stress in three phases: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
gardner’s multiple intelligences
linguistic, spatial, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist
flynn effect
intelligence is increasing with every generation
action potential
a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.
basal metabolic rate
rate at which we burn calories while resting
autonomic nervous system
composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic
absolute threshold
the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
automatic processing
cognitive activities that occur without conscious awareness and require minimal cognitive resources
central route of persuasion
focusing and engaging with an argument
