Random Flashcards
Br in water
orange
Cl in water
pale green
I in water
brown
Cl in cyclohexane
pale green
Br in cyclohexane
orange
I in cyclohexane
violet
Cl2(aq) + H2O(l) –>
–> HClO(aq) + HCl(aq)
(disproportionation)
Cl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) –>
–> NaClO(aq) + NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
group 2 + 2H20
group 2 (OH)2 + H2
group 2 + acid
salt + H2
reversible ozone reaction
O2 + O –> O3
propagation steps ( and overall) ozone
Cl• + O3 –> ClO• + O2
ClO• + O –> Cl• + O2
NO• + O3 –> NO2• + O2
NO2• + O –> NO• + O2
O3 + O –> O2
order of organic acid strengths
alcohols - won’t react with weak or strong bases
phenols - will only react with strong bases
carboxylic acids - will react with weak and strong bases
strong acids
HCl
HBr
HI
HNO3
H2SO4
HClO4
HClO3
weak acid
HF
strong bases
LiOH
NaOH
KOH
Sr(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
weak bases
NaCO3
Al(OH)3 (insoluble)
Limitations of using E values to determine whether reactions are feasible (4)
- EA might be too high
- E only works under standard conditions
- If []≠1moldm-³ then it will shift equilibrium and change E
- Reactants must be in aqueous solution
Nucleophile
A species attracted to an area of electron deficiency, where it donates an e- pair to form a covalent bond
Electrophile
A species attracted to an e- rich area, where it accepts an e- pair to form a covalent bond
how do you write a Kp expression if the reaction contains species of different states?
only include gaseous species in the Kp expression
Free Gibbs equation
∆G = ∆H - T∆S
when is a reaction feasible?
∆G < 0
two features of a dynamic equilibrium
- rate of forwards reaction = rate of backwards reaction
- [reactants] and [products] remains constant but are constantly interchanging
