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1
Q

bypass, typhlotomy, sytemic overhydration as tx
1.7 - 5%, doughy,

A

cecal impaction

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2
Q

occurs at any age but common sa middle aged horse

A

cecal impaction

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3
Q

common in < 3 yrs, tx: ventral midline celiotomy
ileum. affected

A

cecocolic intu

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4
Q

accumulation of infesta in LC lumen, pelvic flexure, low water intake

medical is better and longer in long term than surgical

A

large colon impaction

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5
Q

rectal: firm and viscous, hand walk, tx psyllim hydrophiic muciloid,, sx: v md celiotomy

A

sand impaction

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6
Q

dz where u should not give dss

A

sand impaction

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7
Q

mineral conc in LC

A

enterolithiasis

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8
Q

2 types of large colon displacement

A

left dorsal displacement
right dorsal displacement

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9
Q

tx is colopexy?

A

large colon displacement

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10
Q

LDD organs

A

nephrospleenic = kidney plus spleen

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11
Q

RDD organs

A

cecum + right body wall

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12
Q

horizontal taut band plus diagonal

A

RDD

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13
Q

common in older horses?

A

large colon volvulus

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14
Q

tightly distended?

A

lcv

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15
Q

what floats on lcv

A

ventral colon floats on dorsal

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16
Q

ancillary diagnosis
inTRAoperative
guarded to poor prognosis

A

LCV

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17
Q

2 dz of small colon

A

small colon impaction
colonic ulcer + right dorsal colitis

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18
Q

horses predisposed to SCI?

A

ponies

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19
Q

low access to water
“tubular”
salmonellosis
MEDICAL > sx

A

SCI

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20
Q

tx for colonic ulcer + right dorsal colitis pero siguro for ulcer lang

tx for RDC

A

gastroscopy
freq feeding
no hay

sucralfate, flavor h2o, electrolytes

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21
Q

age for colic

A

foal: meconium impaction, strangulating umbilicus, hernia, ascarid impaction

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22
Q

age for strangulating lipoma

A

> 14 yrs

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23
Q

sex for colic

A

uterine torsion of large colon volvulus in mares

Inguinal hernia in stallions

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24
Q

breed for colic

A

nephrosplenic entrapment in large horses

Small colon impaction in miniature horses

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25
Q

result to severe pain due to obstruction in the abdominal walls

A

simple gas colic

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26
Q

high RR in colic associated with?
may cause?

A

cyanosis

acidosis

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27
Q

“the higher the pulse rate, the worse the lesion and prognosis” t or f

A

t

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28
Q

heart or pulse rate: ondicator of severity but not usually helpful in making a diagnosis

A

t

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29
Q

normal MM/crt?

A

Normally pink with CRT of 1-2 seconds

> 3 cardiovascular compromised = shock

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30
Q

Done on both sides along the caudal border of the rib cage from paralumbar fossa to ventral abdomen

A

Auscultation

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31
Q

indicates abnormal bowel motility
absence suggests absence of motility

Stronger sound in??

left flank?
right flank?

What to look for?

A

Borborygmi

sa left dorsal and left ventral colon

Left flank: Crumpling paper, bubbles
Right: dripping water sound

increased sound?: inflammation problem
Reduced sound volume: possible feed impaction
High pitch = gas?
Increased volume: impaction

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32
Q

Performed during auscultation to find pockets of gas:

right side?
left side?

A

percussion

right: cecal tympany
left: large colon distention

33
Q

Nasogastric Intubation
Cranial obstruction:

odor and color and ph?

large acidic volumes may indicate?

A

stomach or upper small intestines

sweet green 3-6

pyloric or duodenal blockage

34
Q

should be immediately done if pulse > 60

A

ngt

35
Q

most helpful dagnostic procedure and aid in determining the diagnosis and need for surgery

A

rectal exam

36
Q

test for foals?

A

radiography

37
Q

best for gastric ulcer?

A

endoscopy

38
Q

can be used to locate blockages, gas, enteroliths, sand, etc.

A

radiogrpahy

39
Q

indwelling catheter

A

fluid therapy

40
Q

alkaline yellow fluid greater than 4 liters

A

gastric reflux

41
Q

increased protein with RBC and degenerate neutrophil

A

peritoneal fluid

42
Q

proximal enteritis cant be differentiated with strangulating obstruction. t or f

A

t

43
Q

dz that is idiopathic and regional

pyrexia 102 - 104 F

guarded

A

proximal enteritis

44
Q

acute onset antihelmintic

A

Ascarid impaction

45
Q

Invagination of a segment of bowel and its mesentery into the lumen of an adjacent segment of bowel

A

Intussusception

46
Q

portion of intestine into which another portion has invaginated

A

Intussuscipiens

47
Q

portion of intestine that has been invaginated within another part

A

Intussusceptum

48
Q

signalment: foal to yearlinng

A

ascarid impaction

49
Q

worm of ascarid imp

A

Heavy Parascaris equorum(round worm) infestation

50
Q

Occurs when a segment of small intestine twists on its own mesentery

A

small intestine volvulus

51
Q

Intestinal infarction
Severe Ascarid infestation
Intestinal incarceration
Adhesions or fibrous bands
Mesodiverticular band or Meckel’s diverticulum

A

SIV

52
Q

Not age specific
Young horses (1 to 3 years) over represented

A

SIV

53
Q

Grave with surgery
80% fatality rate
Rapidly fatal, often die during shipping

A

SIV

54
Q

sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure

A

inguinal hernia

55
Q

Signalment:
Breed—Standardbred, Tennessee Walking Horse, American Saddlebred, Belgian

Older stallion
Neonatal colt

A

inguinal hernia

56
Q

foal soft
adult firm

A

inguinal hernia

57
Q

tx for foal and adult IH

A

foal manual reduction
adult sx

58
Q

Idiopathic

Definition:
Hypertrophy of the muscle layers of the ileum
Secondary luminal narrowing
Secondary partial obstruction

A

ileal hypertrophy

59
Q

Clinical signs:
Intermittent colic with vague signs of weight loss and lethargy

A

Ileal hypertrophy

60
Q

Treatment for IH

A

Surgery—ileal myotomy
Surgery—ileal bypass

61
Q

Clinical findings:
Mild pain that escalates as small intestinal distension progresses
Frequently respond to medical management with slow deterioration of physical parameters

A

ileal impaction

62
Q

signalment of ileal impaction

A

arabian geldings

63
Q

Etiology:
Foreign body (e.g.. rubber fencing)
Bedding (e.g.. corn cobs)
Coastal Bermuda grass hay

A

ileal impaction

64
Q

Epiploic foramen:

A

Portal vein
Caudal vena cava
Caudate lobe of the liver
Represents a potential space

65
Q

Atrophy of the caudate lobe enlarges the potential opening
Ileum migrates into opening and becomes trapped

A

EPIPLOIC FORAMEN HERNIATION

66
Q

Commonly affects middle age to aged horses

A

EPIPLOIC FORAMEN HERNIATION

67
Q

tx for EPIPLOIC FORAMEN HERNIATION

A

sx: res and anas
poor to fair

68
Q

Lipoma suspended from a mesenteric pedicle passes around a segment of bowel or through a a mesenteric rent causing strangulation
Obesity may be a contributing factor

A

pedunculated lipoma

69
Q

Mesodiverticular band (jejunum)
Strangulation occurs as a loop of bowel passes through the rent and becomes trapped
Mesentery becomes caught and strangulates trapped bowel segment

A

MESENTERIC DEFECT

70
Q

tx for MESENTERIC DEFECT

A

Surgery—resection and
anastomosis

71
Q

Previous abdominal surgery (colic, castration)
Small intestinal distension or ischemia
Peritonitis or abdominal foreign body

Well formed by 5- 7days
Capable of causing obstruction by 14 days

A

adhesions

72
Q

Granulomatous enteritis
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Alimentary lymphosarcoma

Hypoalbuminemia
Chronic, intermittent , mild colic
Anemia of chronic disease
+ Immune mediated skin lesions

Diagnosis:
Rectal—mesenteric lymphadenopathy, thickened bowel, + abdominal mass
Ultrasound—thickened bowel wall

A

SMALL INTESTINAL NEOPLASIA

73
Q

tx for small intestinal neoplasia

A

Resection of affected intestine (not curative)
Euthanasia - recommended

74
Q

Part of EGUS (more commonly in foals)

A

duodenal ulcers or strictures

75
Q

tx for DU/S meds?

sx?

A

Omeprazole (4 mg/kg, PO, Q24h, 28 days)
Omeprazole (0.5 mg/kg, IV, Q24h)
Ranitidine (6.6 mg/kg, PO, Q8h)

gastrojejunostomy

76
Q

Uncommon in older horses
Squamous cell carcinoma, most common form
Other: lymphosarcoma, adenosarcoma

A

Gastric Neoplasia

77
Q

tx for gastric neoplasia?

A

none. grave

78
Q

Infrequent cause of Colic in horses
Dry feed material and decreased water intake
Winter: walang umaabot na tubig sa gripo nila

A

Gastric Impaction

79
Q

tx for gastric impaction

A

Tx with dioctyl sodium succinate (DSS): a surfactant

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