Random Flashcards
Hardwoods are…
Softwoods are…
Hardwoods- Deciduous trees
Softwoods- Coniferous trees
Do do hardwoods lose foliage and if yes when?
In autumn and winter
Do softwoods lose foliage and if yes when?
Keep foliage all year around
What are the hardwoods foliage like?
Broad Shaped foliage
What are the softwoods foliage like?
Needle shaped foliage
What are hardwoods seeds like?
Have flesh-covered seeds
What are softwoods seeds like?
Exposed seeds in cones
Give three piece of information about the hardwoods trunk
Irregular trunk with a taper
Tend to have a branched or divided trunk
Large irregular branches above the trunk
Broad rounded crown
Give three piece of information about the Softwoods trunk
Tend to have a single, straight trunk with small side branches
Narrow pointed crown
Cone shaped growth helps trees in temperature shed snow
What kind of climates do softwoods grows in?
Generally grow in cooler climates
What kind of climates do hardwoods grow in?
Generally grow in warmer climates
Soil, for hardwoods?
Thrives in fertile soil
Soil, for softwoods?
Can grow in most soil types
Growth speed and maturity for hardwoods?
Slow-growing (maturity in 100-200 years)
Growth speed and maturity for softwoods?
Fast-growing (maturity in 25-40 years)
Which woods are generally cheaper or generally more expensive?
Hardwoods - normally more expensive
Softwoods - normally cheaper
What are the seven steps to a life cycle of a tree?
Seed —> Dormancy —> Germination —> Seedling —> Sapling —> Mature tree —> Snag (dead tree)
Explain the seven stages in a planted or managed forest or woodland
Draining and fencing —> Nursery —> Sapling planted in land —> Thinning —> Harvesting —> Waste material —> Transportation
What are the six importance of trees for the environment?
Wildlife Cycle of oxygen and carbon dioxide Cooling Well-being Preventing pollution Reducing flooding and storm water
What are the five causes of deforestation?
Mining Logging and harvesting Cattle ranching Crops Urban development
What are the five effects of deforestation?
Soil erosion Flooding Loss of biodiversity Environmental effects Effect on native people
What is conversion?
When a tree log is converted into timber of usable size
What are the four main reasons why tree logs are converted into timber?
- Allows wood to dry faster
- It produces wood of useable size and shape
- The quality of the timber can be viewed and evaluated
- It reduces defects in timber
What are the three methods of conversion?
Through and through sawing
Tangential sawing
Quarter sawing
Give four advantages and disadvantages of Through And Through Sawing
Advantages:
Simplest and cheapest method of conversion
Very little waste
Fast
Widest possible board is obtained
Disadvantages
Boards tend to cup
Grain pattern is not considered to be attractive
Boards not as durable or strong as other methods of conversion
Cannot be used as structural timber in a house
Draw through and through sawing
Should be going across horizontally multiple times
Give three advantages and four disadvantages of Quarter sawing
Advantages
Strong and durable boards
Stable boards, unlikely to cup or shrink
Very attractive grain pattern
Disadvantages
Takes a lot of work and time
Narrow boards are produced
Expensive
A lot of waste produced
Draw Quarter sawing
Aid cross in the middle and going out from corners to more corners
What are the three advantages and four disadvantages of Tangential swing
Advantages
Very strong durable boards are produced
Boards will not split easily with nails
Flame figure grain pattern is produced
Disadvantages
Expensive
Takes a lot of work and time
Boards can cup and shrink
Majority of boards are quite narrow
A lot of waste produced
Draw Tangential sawing
Square hole in the middle and squares continue to go out
