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WW 2 > Random > Flashcards

Random Flashcards

1
Q

Hardwoods are…

Softwoods are…

A

Hardwoods- Deciduous trees

Softwoods- Coniferous trees

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2
Q

Do do hardwoods lose foliage and if yes when?

A

In autumn and winter

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3
Q

Do softwoods lose foliage and if yes when?

A

Keep foliage all year around

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4
Q

What are the hardwoods foliage like?

A

Broad Shaped foliage

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5
Q

What are the softwoods foliage like?

A

Needle shaped foliage

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6
Q

What are hardwoods seeds like?

A

Have flesh-covered seeds

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7
Q

What are softwoods seeds like?

A

Exposed seeds in cones

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8
Q

Give three piece of information about the hardwoods trunk

A

Irregular trunk with a taper

Tend to have a branched or divided trunk

Large irregular branches above the trunk

Broad rounded crown

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9
Q

Give three piece of information about the Softwoods trunk

A

Tend to have a single, straight trunk with small side branches

Narrow pointed crown

Cone shaped growth helps trees in temperature shed snow

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10
Q

What kind of climates do softwoods grows in?

A

Generally grow in cooler climates

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11
Q

What kind of climates do hardwoods grow in?

A

Generally grow in warmer climates

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12
Q

Soil, for hardwoods?

A

Thrives in fertile soil

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13
Q

Soil, for softwoods?

A

Can grow in most soil types

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14
Q

Growth speed and maturity for hardwoods?

A

Slow-growing (maturity in 100-200 years)

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15
Q

Growth speed and maturity for softwoods?

A

Fast-growing (maturity in 25-40 years)

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16
Q

Which woods are generally cheaper or generally more expensive?

A

Hardwoods - normally more expensive

Softwoods - normally cheaper

17
Q

What are the seven steps to a life cycle of a tree?

A

Seed —> Dormancy —> Germination —> Seedling —> Sapling —> Mature tree —> Snag (dead tree)

18
Q

Explain the seven stages in a planted or managed forest or woodland

A

Draining and fencing —> Nursery —> Sapling planted in land —> Thinning —> Harvesting —> Waste material —> Transportation

19
Q

What are the six importance of trees for the environment?

A 
Wildlife
Cycle of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Cooling
Well-being
Preventing pollution
Reducing flooding and storm water
20
Q

What are the five causes of deforestation?

A 
Mining
Logging and harvesting
Cattle ranching
Crops
Urban development
21
Q

What are the five effects of deforestation?

A 
Soil erosion 
Flooding 
Loss of biodiversity 
Environmental effects
Effect on native people
22
Q

What is conversion?

A

When a tree log is converted into timber of usable size

23
Q

What are the four main reasons why tree logs are converted into timber?

A
  1. Allows wood to dry faster
  2. It produces wood of useable size and shape
  3. The quality of the timber can be viewed and evaluated
  4. It reduces defects in timber
24
Q

What are the three methods of conversion?

A

Through and through sawing

Tangential sawing

Quarter sawing

25
Q

Give four advantages and disadvantages of Through And Through Sawing

A

Advantages:
Simplest and cheapest method of conversion

Very little waste

Fast

Widest possible board is obtained

Disadvantages
Boards tend to cup

Grain pattern is not considered to be attractive

Boards not as durable or strong as other methods of conversion

Cannot be used as structural timber in a house

26
Q

Draw through and through sawing

A

Should be going across horizontally multiple times

27
Q

Give three advantages and four disadvantages of Quarter sawing

A

Advantages
Strong and durable boards

Stable boards, unlikely to cup or shrink

Very attractive grain pattern

Disadvantages
Takes a lot of work and time

Narrow boards are produced

Expensive

A lot of waste produced

28
Q

Draw Quarter sawing

A

Aid cross in the middle and going out from corners to more corners

29
Q

What are the three advantages and four disadvantages of Tangential swing

A

Advantages
Very strong durable boards are produced

Boards will not split easily with nails

Flame figure grain pattern is produced

Disadvantages
Expensive

Takes a lot of work and time

Boards can cup and shrink

Majority of boards are quite narrow

A lot of waste produced

30
Q

Draw Tangential sawing

A

Square hole in the middle and squares continue to go out

WW 2 (2 decks)

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