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Maddy Step 2 > Random > Flashcards

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1
Q

Transudative effusions:

  • pH
  • protein
  • LDH
A

7.4 - 7.55

low pleural/serum protein (<0.5) AND

low pleural/serum LDH (<0.6) AND

Pleural LDH < 2/3 upper limit of normal serum LDH

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2
Q

Exudative effusions:

  • pH
  • protein
  • LDH
A

7.3 - 7.45

high pleural/serum protein (>0.5) OR

high pleural/serum LDH (>0.6) OR

Pleural LDH > 2/3 upper limit of normal serum LDH

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3
Q

indications for TB pleural effusion

A
  • adenosine deaminase

- protein >4

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4
Q

complicated vs uncomplicated bacterial pleural effusions

  • pH
  • glucose
  • WBCs
  • LDH
A

uncomplicated (pH >7.2)
complicated (pH <7.2)

uncomplicated (glucose >60)
complicated (glucose <60)

uncomplicated (WBCs <50,000)
complicated (WBCs >50,000)

uncomplicated (LDH <1,000)
complicated (LDH >1,000)

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5
Q

hypovolemic shock:

  • preload
  • PCWP
  • CI
  • SVR
A
  • preload: decreased
  • PCWP: decreased
  • CI: decreased
  • SVR: increased (sympathetic NS increased)
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6
Q

Cardiogenic shock

  • preload
  • PCWP
  • CI
  • SVR
A
  • preload: increased
  • PCWP: increased
  • CI (decreased)
  • SVR (increased)
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7
Q

obstructive shock

  • preload
  • PCWP
  • CI
  • SVR
A
  • preload: increased
  • PCWP: decreased
  • CI: decreased
  • SVR: increased
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8
Q

distributive shock

  • preload
  • PCWP
  • CI
  • SVR
A
  • preload: decreased
  • PCWP: decreased
  • CI: increased (can decreased in LATE septic shock)
  • SVR: decreased
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9
Q
  • preload: decreased
  • PCWP: decreased
  • CI: decreased
  • SVR: increased (sympathetic NS increased)
A

hypovolemic shock

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10
Q
  • preload: increased
  • PCWP: increased
  • CI (decreased)
  • SVR (increased)
A

cardiogenic shock

- MI

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11
Q
  • preload: increased
  • PCWP: decreased
  • CI: decreased
  • SVR: increased
A

obstructive shock

- PE

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12
Q
  • preload: decreased
  • PCWP: decreased
  • CI: increased
  • SVR: decreased
A

distributive shock

- sepsis

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13
Q

complications within 3-5 days after MI

A

papillary muscle rupture

interventricular septum rupture

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14
Q

complications within 5 days - 2 weeks after MI

A

free wall rupture

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15
Q

complications several months after MI

A

left ventricular aneurysm

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16
Q

hallmark of left ventricular aneurysm after MI

A

deep Q waves and persistently elevated ST segments

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17
Q

biopsy findings with microscopic colitis

A

mononuclear infiltrate within lamina propria

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18
Q

two types of microscopic colitis

A

1) collagenous
- thickened subepithelial collagen band

2) lymphocytic
- intraepithelial lymphocytes

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19
Q

pharm tx for hepatic encephalopathy

A

lactulose (reduce serum ammonium)

rifamixin (non-absorbable antibiotic)

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20
Q

causes of bloody ascites

A

trauma
malignancy
TB (rarely)

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21
Q

causes of milky ascites

A

chylous (rich in triglycerides, due to presence of thoracic or intestinal lymph in abdominal cavity)

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22
Q

causes of turbid ascites

A

possible infection

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23
Q

causes of straw color ascites

A

more likely benign causes

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24
Q

neutrophils >250/mm3 in ascites

A

bacterial perotonitis

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25
Q

calculating SAAG

A

serum albumin - ascites albumin

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26
Q

SAAG >1.1 causes

higher protein in the serum

A

portal hypertension

  • cardiac ascites
  • cirrhosis
  • Budd chiari
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27
Q

SAAG <1.1 causes

higher protein in the ascitic fluid

A
  • TB
  • peritoneal cancer
  • pancreatic
  • nephrotic syndrome
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28
Q

breastfeeding (lactation failure) vs breast milk jaundice

A

breastfeeding: age <1 week
- insufficient intake of breast milk causing delayed stooling and and increase in enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin

breast milk: age >1 week
- increased B-glucuronidase in the breast milk causing increased deconjugation of intestinal bilirubin and increased enterohepatic circulation

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29
Q

treatment for breastfeeding jaundice

A

increase frequency of breastfeeding

30
Q

drugs that do not show up on a USD because they’re synthetic

A 
hydrocodone
hydromorphone
oxycodone
fentanyl
meperidine
methadone
tramadol
31
Q

rash/steven johnson syndrome is an AE of lamotrigine

A

dont forget

32
Q

HMOs

  • providers elligible
  • referalls?
A

limited # providers

requires referral

33
Q

PPOs

  • providers elligible
  • referalls?
A

out of network allowed (more exensive)

no referrals necessary

34
Q

EPOs

  • providers elligible
  • referalls?
A

limited # providers

requires referral

same thing as HMO, but network is smaller

35
Q

POS

  • providers elligible
  • referalls?
A

out of network allowed

requires referral

36
Q

TX molluscum contagiosum

A

liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy)

37
Q

Henoch Schonlein Purpura sx

A
  • palpable purpura on thighs, ankles, butt
  • hematuria
  • arthralgias
  • abdominal pain/intussusception
  • 1/3 boys have scrotal pain from localized vasculitis
38
Q

tx Henoch Schonlein Purpura

A

mild: supportive
severe: systemic glucocorticoids

39
Q

erythematotelangiectatic rosacea

and tx

A

fair skinned individuals

flushing

tx: avoidance of triggers

40
Q

papulopustular rosacea

A

papules and pustules

tx: topical metronidazole

41
Q

seborrheic dermatitis tx

A

antifungals

42
Q

rapid onset severe psoriasis

- underlying condition?

A

HIV

43
Q

severe seborrheic dermatitis

- underlying condition?

A

HIV

Parkinson’s

44
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum

- underlying condition?

A

IBD

45
Q

early decelerations in FHM

A

head compression

46
Q

variable decelerations in FHM

A

cord compression

47
Q

late decelerations in FHM

A

uteroplacental insufficiency

48
Q

begins rolling

A

4 months

49
Q

transfers objects hand to hand

A

6 months

50
Q

says dada and mama

A

9 months

51
Q

3 finger pincer grasp

A

9 months

52
Q

2 finger pincer grasp

A

12 months

53
Q

throws ball

A

12 months

54
Q

runs and kicks a ball

A

18 months

55
Q

builds a tower of 2-4 cubes

A

18 months

56
Q

10-25 word vocab

A

18 months

57
Q

walks up down stairs with both feet on each step

A

2 years

58
Q

walks up down stairs with alternating feet

A

3 years

59
Q

builds a tower of 6 cubes

A

2 years

60
Q

vocab >50 words

A

2 years

61
Q

follows 2 step commands

A

2 years

62
Q

100% intelligible speech

A

4 years

63
Q

tricycle

A

3 years

64
Q

copies a circle

A

3 years

65
Q

copies a cross

A

4 years

66
Q

copies a square

A

5 years

67
Q

skips

A

5 years

68
Q

counts to 10

A

5 years

69
Q

completes toilet training

A

5 years

70
Q

speech 75% intelligible

A

3 years

71
Q

B2 (riboflavin) deficiency sx

A

angular chelosis

seborrheic dermatitis

normocytic anemia

Maddy Step 2 (2 decks)

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