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Y4 GI / Surgery > Random > Flashcards

Random Flashcards

1
Q

At the lower oesophageal sphincter there is a transition from what to what type of epithelium?

A

Transition stratified squamous to columnar epithelium

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2
Q

What artery supplies the foregut, the midgut and the hindgut?

A

Foregut - celiac trunk
Midgut - superior mesenteric artery
Hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery

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3
Q

Which branch of the aorta supplies the liver?

A

Celiac trunk

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4
Q

Where does the foregut end?

A

Halfway through the duodenum

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5
Q

Where does the midgut end and the hindgut begin?

A

Distal third of transverse colon

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6
Q

Name the smooth muscle of the large bowel

A

Teniae coli

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7
Q

What artery relevant to the GI system is described as having a tortuous course?

A

Splenic artery

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8
Q

Is the pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

The tail of the pancreas is the only part that is intraperitoneal

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9
Q

Where is B12 and folate absorbed?

A

Terminal ileum

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10
Q

“Semi digested food expelled from the stomach to the duodenum” is the definition of what

A

Chyme

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11
Q

Detoxification & protein, hormones, fat, carbohydrate metabolism are all the functions of what organ

A

Liver

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12
Q

What clotting factor is also known as fibrinogen? What clotting factor is also known as prothrombin?

A

Factor I

Factor II

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13
Q

What is asterixis?

A

Tremor liver flap caused by hepatic encephalopathy or CO2 retention

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14
Q

What is koilonychia?

A

Spoon nails caused by iron deficiency

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15
Q

What causes palmar erythema?

A

Cirrhosis

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16
Q

What is scleral icterus?

A

Jaundice

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17
Q

What is leuconychia a sign of?

A

Hypoalbuminaemia

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18
Q

What is caput medusae a sign of?

A

Portal hypertension

dilated superficial torturous epigastric veins

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19
Q

What are spider neavi a sign of?

A

May be caused by liver disease

20
Q

A Lanz incision is used for what surgical procedure?

A

Appendectomy

21
Q

A Pfannensteil incision is used for what surgical procedure?

A

Lower segment Caesarean section

22
Q

What type of surgical incision is used for an AAA surgery?

A

Transverse

23
Q

How do you distinguish small and large bowel on abdominal x-ray?

A

Small bowel plicae circularis - lines go all of the way through
Large bowel haustrations

24
Q

How long before upper GI endoscopy should you fast and for how long should you only drink clear water?

A

Fast eight hours before, only clear water two hours before

25
Q

For how long before an upper GI endoscopy should patients stop their PPI?

A

Stop PPI two weeks before, if inpatient stop as soon as arranged

26
Q

Sigmoidoscopy refers to flexible sigmoidoscopy, true or false

A

True

27
Q

What medication is used for a non-sedated upper GI endoscopy?

A

Lidocaine throat spray

28
Q

What medication is used for a flexible sigmoidoscopy?

A

Usually none

29
Q

What type and when are enemas given as prep for flexible sigmoidoscopy?

A

Phosphate enema day before + on day of

fast from midnight

30
Q

What medication is used for a colonoscopy?

A

Usually none

opiate or midozalam options

31
Q

For how long before colonoscopy should patients have a liquid diet?

A

24hr

32
Q

What does ERCP stand for?

A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

33
Q

A contrast MRI of biliary system/pancreas is also known as what?

A

MRCP

34
Q

Why is colonoscopy not used in the acute setting?

A

Need to prep/empty bowels

35
Q

What should you check for on blood tests before ERCP?

A

Clotting, give IV vit K

not absorbing since it is fat soluble

36
Q

Pancreatitis is a complication of ERCP, how do you monitor for it?

A

Check amylase 24 hours afterwards

37
Q

Why should you avoid colonoscopy in the acutely inflamed bowel?

A

Increased risk perforation

38
Q

What does air under the diaphragm on abdominal x-ray suggest?

A

Bowel perforation

39
Q

What is pneumoperitoneum?

A

Free air in peritoneal cavity

40
Q

Air seen on both sides of the intestines on abdominal x-ray is what? What does it suggest? what investigation should be done next?

A

Rigler’s sign – free air in diaphragm

Next step CT

41
Q

What does a coffee Bean sign on abdominal x-ray suggest

A

Sigmoid volvulus

42
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate

A

Carina

43
Q

What does the stepladder sign on abdominal x-ray represent

A

Small bowel obstruction

44
Q

A bird beak or rat-tail appearance on a Gastrografin swallow suggests what

A

Achalasia

45
Q

Gallstones in the gallbladder can be seen on US - true or false

A

True

46
Q

What is more invasive MRCP or ERCP, what can be used for therapeutic reasons?

A

ERCP more invasive, involves endoscope inserted by mouth + XR, can investigate plus remove stones at the same time, can stent a tumour
MRCP less invasive, can’t do anything therapeutic

47
Q

Duodenal perforation is a complication of ERCP, true or false?

A

True

Y4 GI / Surgery (11 decks)

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