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1
Q

What causes Restless Leg syndrome?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

Tx - pramipexole

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2
Q

What is actinic keratosis associated with?

A

Increases risk for squamous cell carcinoma

AK is caused by light exposure

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3
Q

most common transfusion reaction in 1-6 hours post transfusion?

A

febrile non hemolytic transfusion reaction

Tx - stop infusion and tyl

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4
Q

Formula for PPV

A

True Positive/(True positive+false positive)

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5
Q

Preggo
Progressively worsening HA that feels like intracranial fullness
Now FNDs

A

C/f central venous sinus thrombosis

Heparinize

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6
Q

significant smoking hx
erythrocytosis
Hematuria
Dx?

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Should get a CT - enhancing kidney mass, thick irregular walls of septa

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7
Q

Biggest RF’s for breast CA in a male?

A

BRCA mutation

Klinefelter syndrome

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8
Q

Fatal complications of neonatal polycythemia

A 
apnea
hyper viscosity
hypoglycemia
hyperbili
respiratory compromise
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9
Q

Which type of MI is preload dependent?

A

R sided (II, III, aVF)

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10
Q

post partum c-section pt with fever
uterine tenderness
purulent vag discharge
dx and tx?

A

Post partum endometritis
Tx - Clinda + gent
Need aerobe and anaerobe coverage
higher risk with c-section

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11
Q

Preggo has intrapartum fever

Dx and Tx?

A

Chorio - an intrapartam uterine infection

Tx - Amp + gent

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12
Q

How do you dx biliary atresia in a kiddo?

A

First two months of life
jaundice babe
direct bili is >20% of total bill
if direct bill is low, more likely breast feeding jaundice

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13
Q

When is amiodarone indicated for a fib?

A

If they have recurrence of fib with RVR despite beta blockade

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14
Q

Aox0 pt with hematemesis. What ya do next?

A

Intubate. aspiration risk too high

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15
Q

cirrhosis + hematemesis

Tx?

A

IV octreotide and egd

decreases elevated portal pressure

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16
Q

IF pt has esophageal varies, what can prevent future bleeds?

A

Beta blockers (nadolol, propanolol)
EGD
Band ligation

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17
Q

alpha blocker med

A

tamsulosin

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18
Q

some inhalation increases risk of?

A

supraglottic edema

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19
Q

When is Rhogam given during prenatal care

A

@ 28 wk and <72 hours after delivery if babe is Rh+

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20
Q

what does asymmetry in a funnel plot suggest?

A

publication bias

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21
Q

Preggo
R flank pain that radiates to labia
Dx?

A

npehrolithzasis

Get an ultrasound

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22
Q

What happens to a kidney after long term NSAID use?

A

Papillary necrosis
Can have an acute presentation with hematuria, pyuria, proteinuria, and renal colic
chronic injury presents with frank proteinuia and elevated Cr
US - Mild pelvicalyceal dilation
Tx - avoid NSAIDs

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23
Q

when the survival benefit of a screening test is over estimated because it detects a disproportionate number of slowly progressive or benign cases

A

Length-time bias

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24
Q

What do you do with an adult that has persistent ear syx despite abx, decongestant and antihistamines?

A

Need a nasal endoscopy to r/o nasopharyngeal mass blocking the Eustachian tube

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25
``` Preggo Itchy skin over abdomen Then gets urticarial papule and plaques around umbilicus Can mature in bull Mucos membranes spared. Dx? ```
Pemphigoid gestationis autoimmune dz in 2nd or 3rd trimester Tx - topical corticosteroid
26
Neutropenic patient in ICU develops eye pain, photosensitivity On exam - glistening white mound like lesions with vitreous haze Dx?
Candida endophthalmitis Risk is increased when central line present Tx - Vitrectomy and systemic amphotericin B
27
What is the difference between mortality rate and case fatality rate?
Mortality rate - death rate in a population | Case fatality rate - number of patients that die form a specific disease
28
Hair loss with clean margins and complete hair loss in the middle. scalp is clean. Dx?
Alopecia areata Recurrence is common Tx - scalp injection of steroids
29
What two meds should PAD receive?
ASA + statin | Regardless of lipid panel results
30
When should PAD pts be on a supervised exercise program?
Any pt that has intermittent claudication 30-45 min of supervised walking 3x/wk for 3 months Goal is to improve how far they can walk w/o pain Can add cilostazol BID to help with six
31
trauma pt has brisk reflexes. Which electrolyte is off?
Hypocalcemia
32
Why do girls get uterine cramps during periods?
Excess prostaglandins causing uterine contractions | NSAIDs help
33
What type of study can be used to identify the source of an outbreak
Case-control | compare ill to a non ill control to determine what the exposure was
34
What should you think about for someone that was treated for Graves and keeps ending increases in levothyroxine doses?
Consider reasons for malabsorption of levothyroxine
35
Older lady constant urine lof
think overflow incontinence
36
Formula for Relative risk
Risk in group of interest/risk in other group
37
Formula for attributable risk?
(risk in exposed - risk in unexposed)/risk in exposed
38
If you suspect rectal prolapse, what do you do next?
Get a surgery c/s
39
When is conjunctivitis no longer contagious?
When the discharge goes away
40
Tx for H. pylori
PPI Clarithromycin Amoxicillin +/- bismuth
41
What to do with someone with persistent GERD syx despite H. pylori testing?
Stool test for H. pylori or urea breath test
42
what recs do you give someone with a cerclage?
no exercise
43
Pancreatic lesion in head of pancreases, what next?
Endoscopic ultrasound and bx to dx cyst vs. malignancy
44
How do you interpret albumin in ascites?
Serum Alb - Ascites Alb If >1.1 --> port HTN/cirrhotic stuff <1.1 --.> not cirrhotic stuff
45
What is the pathophys behind HIT?
Autoantibodies against heparin platelet factor IV complexes | Tx - stop heparin. Consider direct thrombin inhibitor (agratroban)
46
Tx of tine versicolor
TOP Ketoconazole
47
Tx for cocaine induced CP and EKG changes
IV benzo + nitroglycerine | IF not symptomatic improvement and EKG persistently elevated consider a Cath
48
Lichen sclerosis increases risk of?
vulvar cancer | bx anything that looks suspicious
49
What happens if you give a WPW adenosine?
a fib with RVR d/t accessory pathways
50
Most common cause of unilateral nipple discharge?
Papilloma | Need a mammon's and ultrasound
51
Tx for hidradenitis suppurativa?
Mild TOP clinda Moderate po tetracyclines (doxy) Severe TNG alphas
52
when is tpa indicated after a PE?
Hemodynamic instability Right heart strain Large clot burden R heart thrombus\*Hold AC
53
When do preggos get Tdap?
Third trimester
54
If lead level is increased what is the kiddo at risk of?
Neurobehavioral impairment
55
``` Unilateral Conjunctivitis constricted pupil Blurred vision Eye pain Rash on shins ```
Anterior uveitis Sarcoid is most common cause (rash = erythema nodosum)
56
angioedema is associated with?
ACEI | Switch to ARBs because they do not affect the kinin system
57
Tx of Touretts in a kid that fails Behavioral therapy?
Risperidone, aripiprazole
58
What can be a complication of re-perfusion?
Compartment syndrome
59
Tx for urge incontinence
Caused by detrusor m. overactivity Tx - bladder training, timed voids, weight loss, smoking cessation, avoid caffeine/alcohol If they fail - oxybutynin and tolterodine can consider botox or tibial n. stimulation
60
How do you dx CO poisoning?
Measure Carboxyhemoglobin
61
How to dx Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
CK and genetic testing
62
palpable purpura Fatigue Arthralgias
Mixed cryoglobulinemia Associated with HepC Confirm dx with serum cryoglobulin levels

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