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1
Q

What causes Restless Leg syndrome?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

Tx - pramipexole

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2
Q

What is actinic keratosis associated with?

A

Increases risk for squamous cell carcinoma

AK is caused by light exposure

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3
Q

most common transfusion reaction in 1-6 hours post transfusion?

A

febrile non hemolytic transfusion reaction

Tx - stop infusion and tyl

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4
Q

Formula for PPV

A

True Positive/(True positive+false positive)

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5
Q

Preggo
Progressively worsening HA that feels like intracranial fullness
Now FNDs

A

C/f central venous sinus thrombosis

Heparinize

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6
Q

significant smoking hx
erythrocytosis
Hematuria
Dx?

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Should get a CT - enhancing kidney mass, thick irregular walls of septa

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7
Q

Biggest RF’s for breast CA in a male?

A

BRCA mutation

Klinefelter syndrome

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8
Q

Fatal complications of neonatal polycythemia

A 
apnea
hyper viscosity
hypoglycemia
hyperbili
respiratory compromise
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9
Q

Which type of MI is preload dependent?

A

R sided (II, III, aVF)

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10
Q

post partum c-section pt with fever
uterine tenderness
purulent vag discharge
dx and tx?

A

Post partum endometritis
Tx - Clinda + gent
Need aerobe and anaerobe coverage
higher risk with c-section

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11
Q

Preggo has intrapartum fever

Dx and Tx?

A

Chorio - an intrapartam uterine infection

Tx - Amp + gent

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12
Q

How do you dx biliary atresia in a kiddo?

A

First two months of life
jaundice babe
direct bili is >20% of total bill
if direct bill is low, more likely breast feeding jaundice

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13
Q

When is amiodarone indicated for a fib?

A

If they have recurrence of fib with RVR despite beta blockade

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14
Q

Aox0 pt with hematemesis. What ya do next?

A

Intubate. aspiration risk too high

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15
Q

cirrhosis + hematemesis

Tx?

A

IV octreotide and egd

decreases elevated portal pressure

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16
Q

IF pt has esophageal varies, what can prevent future bleeds?

A

Beta blockers (nadolol, propanolol)
EGD
Band ligation

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17
Q

alpha blocker med

A

tamsulosin

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18
Q

some inhalation increases risk of?

A

supraglottic edema

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19
Q

When is Rhogam given during prenatal care

A

@ 28 wk and <72 hours after delivery if babe is Rh+

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20
Q

what does asymmetry in a funnel plot suggest?

A

publication bias

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21
Q

Preggo
R flank pain that radiates to labia
Dx?

A

npehrolithzasis

Get an ultrasound

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22
Q

What happens to a kidney after long term NSAID use?

A

Papillary necrosis
Can have an acute presentation with hematuria, pyuria, proteinuria, and renal colic
chronic injury presents with frank proteinuia and elevated Cr
US - Mild pelvicalyceal dilation
Tx - avoid NSAIDs

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23
Q

when the survival benefit of a screening test is over estimated because it detects a disproportionate number of slowly progressive or benign cases

A

Length-time bias

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24
Q

What do you do with an adult that has persistent ear syx despite abx, decongestant and antihistamines?

A

Need a nasal endoscopy to r/o nasopharyngeal mass blocking the Eustachian tube

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25
Q 
Preggo
Itchy skin over abdomen
Then gets urticarial papule and plaques around umbilicus 
Can mature in bull
Mucos membranes spared.
Dx?
A

Pemphigoid gestationis
autoimmune dz in 2nd or 3rd trimester
Tx - topical corticosteroid

26
Q

Neutropenic patient
in ICU develops eye pain, photosensitivity
On exam - glistening white mound like lesions with vitreous haze
Dx?

A

Candida endophthalmitis
Risk is increased when central line present
Tx - Vitrectomy and systemic amphotericin B

27
Q

What is the difference between mortality rate and case fatality rate?

A

Mortality rate - death rate in a population

Case fatality rate - number of patients that die form a specific disease

28
Q

Hair loss with clean margins and complete hair loss in the middle. scalp is clean. Dx?

A

Alopecia areata
Recurrence is common
Tx - scalp injection of steroids

29
Q

What two meds should PAD receive?

A

ASA + statin

Regardless of lipid panel results

30
Q

When should PAD pts be on a supervised exercise program?

A

Any pt that has intermittent claudication
30-45 min of supervised walking 3x/wk for 3 months
Goal is to improve how far they can walk w/o pain
Can add cilostazol BID to help with six

31
Q

trauma pt has brisk reflexes. Which electrolyte is off?

A

Hypocalcemia

32
Q

Why do girls get uterine cramps during periods?

A

Excess prostaglandins causing uterine contractions

NSAIDs help

33
Q

What type of study can be used to identify the source of an outbreak

A

Case-control

compare ill to a non ill control to determine what the exposure was

34
Q

What should you think about for someone that was treated for Graves and keeps ending increases in levothyroxine doses?

A

Consider reasons for malabsorption of levothyroxine

35
Q

Older lady constant urine lof

A

think overflow incontinence

36
Q

Formula for Relative risk

A

Risk in group of interest/risk in other group

37
Q

Formula for attributable risk?

A

(risk in exposed - risk in unexposed)/risk in exposed

38
Q

If you suspect rectal prolapse, what do you do next?

A

Get a surgery c/s

39
Q

When is conjunctivitis no longer contagious?

A

When the discharge goes away

40
Q

Tx for H. pylori

A

PPI
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
+/- bismuth

41
Q

What to do with someone with persistent GERD syx despite H. pylori testing?

A

Stool test for H. pylori or urea breath test

42
Q

what recs do you give someone with a cerclage?

A

no exercise

43
Q

Pancreatic lesion in head of pancreases, what next?

A

Endoscopic ultrasound and bx to dx cyst vs. malignancy

44
Q

How do you interpret albumin in ascites?

A

Serum Alb - Ascites Alb
If >1.1 –> port HTN/cirrhotic stuff
<1.1 –.> not cirrhotic stuff

45
Q

What is the pathophys behind HIT?

A

Autoantibodies against heparin platelet factor IV complexes

Tx - stop heparin. Consider direct thrombin inhibitor (agratroban)

46
Q

Tx of tine versicolor

A

TOP Ketoconazole

47
Q

Tx for cocaine induced CP and EKG changes

A

IV benzo + nitroglycerine

IF not symptomatic improvement and EKG persistently elevated consider a Cath

48
Q

Lichen sclerosis increases risk of?

A

vulvar cancer

bx anything that looks suspicious

49
Q

What happens if you give a WPW adenosine?

A

a fib with RVR d/t accessory pathways

50
Q

Most common cause of unilateral nipple discharge?

A

Papilloma

Need a mammon’s and ultrasound

51
Q

Tx for hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

Mild TOP clinda
Moderate po tetracyclines (doxy)
Severe TNG alphas

52
Q

when is tpa indicated after a PE?

A

Hemodynamic instability
Right heart strain
Large clot burden
R heart thrombus*Hold AC

53
Q

When do preggos get Tdap?

A

Third trimester

54
Q

If lead level is increased what is the kiddo at risk of?

A

Neurobehavioral impairment

55
Q 
Unilateral Conjunctivitis
constricted pupil
Blurred vision
Eye pain
Rash on shins
A

Anterior uveitis
Sarcoid is most common cause
(rash = erythema nodosum)

56
Q

angioedema is associated with?

A

ACEI

Switch to ARBs because they do not affect the kinin system

57
Q

Tx of Touretts in a kid that fails Behavioral therapy?

A

Risperidone, aripiprazole

58
Q

What can be a complication of re-perfusion?

A

Compartment syndrome

59
Q

Tx for urge incontinence

A

Caused by detrusor m. overactivity
Tx - bladder training, timed voids, weight loss, smoking cessation, avoid caffeine/alcohol
If they fail - oxybutynin and tolterodine
can consider botox or tibial n. stimulation

60
Q

How do you dx CO poisoning?

A

Measure Carboxyhemoglobin

61
Q

How to dx Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

CK and genetic testing

62
Q

palpable purpura
Fatigue
Arthralgias

A

Mixed cryoglobulinemia
Associated with HepC
Confirm dx with serum cryoglobulin levels

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