Rando Flashcards
polyatomic ions:
group of ions that have an overall charge
polyatomic ions can have
multivalent metals as well. be careful about writing roman numerals
binary acids
binary acids have HYDRO + ic
ite
aight= homogenous= ous
synthesis reactions can be
combustion reactions too. if they react with oxygen
incomplete combustion products
combustion produces c, co, co2 and water
hydrates
contain one or more water molecules in their crystal structures. you write as Cu x __h20. this is called copper either dehydrate, trihydrate, tetrahydrate etc. based on coefficient
they are loosely bonded to the water and can be broken upon heating. water is responsible for the blue colour in copper molecules. when it is not hydrated, it is called anhydrous. this produces an anhydrous salt. if water is added to the anhydrous salt again, it will become hydrated
colour of solution- neutralization
there is an excess of either base or acid in that reaction
cocl2 is used to test for
water. it is an anhydrous salt
lime water Ca(OH)2
used to test for CO2
metal oxide plus water
is a synthesis reaction which produces a base
When a metal reacts with water
the products are metal hydroxide (base) and hydrogen gas.
non-metal oxide plus water
is a synthesis reaction which produces an acid
A metal hydroxide decomposing
into a metal oxide and water
complete ionic eqn:
splits all compounds that are aq into ions. leave solid as solid and gas as gas
net ionic eqn:
cancels out spectator ions to show what actually reacted
two aqueous solutions reacting
NR
don’t forget… ionic eqns
write states of ions in net and complete ionic eqns
balancing eqn
when balancing eqns, the coefficients can be reduced
how soap works
soap has hydrophilic and phobic tails. they surround and isolate the oil particles from the water long enough that they can be easily wiped away
- you need a fat source and a strong base to produce soap
nonmetal dioxide + dioxide
→ nonmetal trioxide
decomposition reactions rarely result in
single elements unless it is the reverse of a synthesis reaction that formed an ionic compound
carbon dioxide often reacts to form a compound containing
a carbonate. the reverse is also common.
what is always solid
metal oxides are always solid. all metal elements are solid
other state stuff
mercury and bromine are liquid at room temperature
HOFBrINCl and noble gases are gases
acids and bases decompose into
base decomposes into metal oxide and water
acid decomposes into nonmetal oxide and water
when writing combustions
must write complete or incomplete combustion
rando things
read subscripts vs charges on polyatomic ions carefully.
be careful about hydro vs. hypo
spectator ion
present in solution but not included in a chemical reaction
acid + carbonate
water and co2
ammonium and hydroxide
ammonia gas, water
Multivalent metal
A metal with more than one stable ionic form
Lab about igniting things
Magnesium ribbon and acetylene combustion released huge amounts of heat and were very exothermic. produced water, co2
to make acetylene, you have to add cac2 to water which produces caOH and acetylene.
